Chemical Principles8th EditionSteven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste Publisher: Cengage LearningISBN: 9781305581982
Chemical Principles
Solutions for Chemical Principles
Problem 2DQ:
Consider the equation A+2BAB2 . Imagine that10 moles of A is reacted with 26 moles of B. Use a...Problem 6DQ:
For the preceding question, which of the following equationsbest represents the reaction? a....Problem 8DQ:
A kerosene lamp has a mass of 1.5 kg. You put 0.5 kg ofkerosene in the lamp. You burn all the...Problem 10DQ:
You may have noticed that water sometimes drips froman exhaust pipe of a car as it is running. Is...Problem 14DQ:
Atoms of three different elements are represented by , , and . Which compound is left over when...Problem 19DQ:
Chlorine exists mainly as two isotopes, 37Cland35Cl .Which is more abundant? How do you know?Problem 20DQ:
According to the law of conservation of mass, mass cannotbe gained or destroyed in a chemical...Problem 28E:
An element consists of 1.40% of an isotope with mass203.973 u, 24.10% of an isotope with mass...Problem 30E:
Naturally occurring tellurium (Te) has the followingisotopic abundances: Draw the mass spectrum of...Problem 31E:
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) has gained widespread use insemiconductor devices that interconvert light...Problem 36E:
How many atoms of nitrogen are present in 5.00 g ofeach of the following? a. glycine, C2H5O2N c....Problem 37E:
Consider the following gas samples: 4.0 g of hydrogengas, 4.0 g of helium gas, 1.0 mole of fluorine...Problem 43E:
In 1987 the first substance to act as a superconductor ata temperature above that of liquid nitrogen...Problem 46E:
Vitamin B12 , cyanocobalamin, is essential for human nutrition.It is concentrated in animal tissue...Problem 51E:
Determine the molecular formulas to which the followingempirical formulas and molar masses pertain....Problem 52E:
A sample of urea contains 1.121 g N, 0.161 g H,0.480 g C, and 0.640 g O. What is the empirical...Problem 54E:
The compound adrenaline contains 56.79% C, 6.56%H, 28.37% O, and 8.28% N by mass. What is...Problem 55E:
The most common form of nylon (nylon-6) is 63.68%carbon, 12.38% nitrogen, 9.80% hydrogen, and...Problem 66E:
Iron oxide ores, commonly a mixture of FeOand Fe2O3 ,are given the general formula Fe3O4 . They...Problem 73E:
Elixirs such as Alka-Seltzer use the reaction of sodiumbicarbonate with citric acid in aqueous...Problem 83E:
Hydrogen peroxide is used as a cleaning agent in thetreatment of cuts and abrasions for several...Problem 84E:
Silver sulfadiazine burn-treating cream creates a barrieragainst bacterial invasion and releases...Problem 85E:
Bornite (Cu3FeS3) is a copper ore used in the productionof copper. When heated, the following...Problem 86E:
DDT, an insecticide harmful to fish, birds, and humans,is produced by the following reaction:...Problem 93AE:
A sample of a hydrocarbon (a compound consisting ofonly carbon and hydrogen) contains 2.591023...Problem 96AE:
The empirical formula of styrene is CH; the molar massof styrene is 104.14 g/mol. How many H atoms...Problem 97AE:
A 0.755-g sample of hydrated copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4xH2O) was heated carefully until it had...Problem 120AE:
Which of the following statements about chemical equationsis(are) true? a. When balancing a chemical...Problem 124CP:
When the supply of oxygen is limited, iron metal reactswith oxygen to produce a mixture of FeOand...Problem 125CP:
Element X forms both a dichloride (XCl2) and a tetrachloride (XCl4) . Treatment of 10.00 g of XCl2...Problem 126CP:
Zinc and magnesium metal each react with hydrochloricacid to make chloride salts of the respective...Problem 127CP:
An unknown binary compound containing hydrogen (XHn) has a density as a gas that is 2.393 times that...Problem 128CP:
A 2.25-g sample of scandium metal is reacted with excesshydrochloric acid to produce 0.1502 g...Problem 129CP:
When M2S3(s) is heated in air, it is converted to MO2(s) .A 4.000-g sample of M2S3(s) shows a...Problem 130CP:
Consider a gaseous binary compound with a molar massof 62.09 g/mol. When 1.39 g of this compound is...Problem 132CP:
You take 1.00 g of an aspirin tablet (a compound consistingsolely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen),...Problem 133CP:
Lanthanum was reacted with hydrogen in a given experimentto produce the nonstoichiometric compound...Problem 135CP:
Consider a mixture of potassium chloride and potassiumnitrate that is 43.2% potassium by mass. What...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 2 - Atoms, Molecules, And IonsChapter 3 - StoichiometryChapter 4 - Types Of Chemical Reactions And Solution StoichiometryChapter 5 - GasesChapter 6 - Chemical EquilibriumChapter 7 - Acids And BasesChapter 8 - Applications Of Aqueous EquilibriaChapter 9 - Energy, Enthalpy, And ThermochemistryChapter 10 - Spontaneity, Entropy, And Free EnergyChapter 11 - Electrochemistry
Chapter 12 - Quantum Mechanics And Atomic TheoryChapter 13 - Bonding: General ConceptsChapter 14 - Covalent Bonding: OrbitalsChapter 15 - Chemical KineticsChapter 16 - Liquids And SolidsChapter 17 - Properties Of SolutionsChapter 18 - The Representative ElementChapter 19 - Transition Metals And Coordination ChemistryChapter 20 - The Nucleus: A Chemist’s ViewChapter 21 - Organic And Biochemical Molecules
Book Details
Develop the qualitative, conceptual foundation you need to think like a chemist with CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES, 8e. Designed for students with solid mathematical preparation, this best-seller emphasizes models, everyday applications of chemistry, and a thoughtful, step-by-step problem-solving approach.
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
We offer sample solutions for Chemical Principles homework problems. See examples below:
Chapter 2, Problem 1DQThe atomic number of the given elementis 17. The electronic configuration of the element having...The element given is 92235U . In this notation of elements, the subscript represents the atomic...The element given is 1224Mg . In this notation of elements, the subscript represents the atomic...In the symbol of an isotopic element or ion, subscript represents the atomic number and superscript...The cation in BaSO3 is barium cation (Ba2+) and the anion issulfite anion (SO32−). The charge on...The cation in NaClO4 is sodium cation (Na+) and the anion is perchlorate anion (ClO4−) . The charge...The given compound, CuI contains one copper atom and one iodine atom. Since, copper is positioned...The chemical formula is the relevant way used for representing the chemical substances present in...
The element Ca belongs to group 2A. So, its most common ion is Ca2+. The element N belongs to group...Reason for true statements: Option (d) because the balanced equation tells you how much reactant you...The given mass of benzene (C6H6) is 4.24 g . The number of moles of C6H6 can be calculated as...Chapter 3, Problem 36EThe given molecular formula of aspartame is C14H18N2O5 . The molar mass of C14H18N2O5 can be...The given molecular formula of chloral hydrate is C2H3Cl3O2 . The molar mass of C2H3Cl3O2 can be...The molar mass of all the elements present in C3H4O2 is shown below. C=12.0 g/molH=1.0 g/molO=16.00...The molar mass of all the elements present in CH2O is shown below. C=12.0 g/molH=1.0 g/molO=16.00...The reaction for the combustion of general hydrocarbon is shown below. CxHyOz+O2→CO2+H2O The moles...The given unbalanced equation is shown below. Figure 1 The given unbalanced equation using chemical...The given equation is shown below. Cr(s)+S8(s)→Cr2S3(s) Balancing any equation involves equalizing...The given chemical equation is given below. KO2(s)+H2O(l)→KOH(aq)+O2(g)+H2O2(aq) The number of...Chapter 3, Problem 86EThe given reaction is shown below. 2C3H6(g)+2NH3(g)+3O2(g)→2C3H3N(g)+6H2O(g) The values of molar...The given graph is as follows. Figure 1 The graph constitutes 7 points for seven closed containers...The given mass % of N in the compound is 13.16%. The given mass % of C in the compound is 41.38%....The HCl solution comprises of H+ ions and Cl− ions as it completely dissociates in its respective...The molecular equation representing the reaction between Hg2(NO3)2 and CuSO4 is shown below....Chapter 4, Problem 39EThe molecular equation representing the reaction between HNO3 and solid Al(OH)3 is shown below....The molecular equation representing the reaction between aqueous ammonia and nitric acid is shown...The given volume of NaOH solution is 50.0 mL . The given molarityof NaOH solution is 0.100 M . The...The given chemical equation is shown below. CH4(g)+2O2(g)→CO2(g)+2H2O(g) The oxidation state of...The given chemical equation is shown below. Cu(s)+NO3−(aq)→Cu2+(aq)+NO(g) The reduction half...The given chemical equation is shown below. Al(s)+MnO4−(aq)→MnO2(s)+Al(OH)4−(aq) The reduction half...The given reaction is: Fe(s)+HCl(aq)→HFeCl4(aq)+H2(g) First step is to assign oxidation numbers to...The given reaction is: IO3−(aq)+I−(aq)→I3−(aq) The above reaction is separated (oxidation-reduction...In the given table, it is mentioned that most of the chloride salts are generally soluble. The...The compound comprises of elements Co, Cl, H and O . The given mass of the sample is 0.256 g . The...The given material is YBa2Cu3O6.5 . According to the rules of oxidation states, oxygen is assigned...Chapter 5, Problem 1DQGiven Information: Pressure of CH4 is 0.175 atm . Pressure of O2 is 0.250 atm . The total pressure...Given Information: Mass percent of H2SO4 is 98 % . Pressure of balloon is 1 atm . Loss of H2 is 20 %...Given Information: Density of HSiCl3 is 0.850 g/mL . Pressure of HCl is 10 atm . Volume of HCl is...For CO2 since 1 mol CO2 has 1 mol C thus, moles of C from amount of CO2 is calculated as follows:...The expression of average kinetic energy is: EK=3R2NAT The expression of root mean square velocity...Conversion of 25 °C to Kelvin is as follows: T(K)=T(°C)+273=25 °C+273=298 K Expression for ideal gas...Mole of benzene in 89.6 ng can be calculated as follows: Mole=( 89.6 ng 78.11 g/mol)( 10 −9 g 1...Reaction for formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen is as follows: 2H2+O2→2H2O Conversion of 25...Expression for volume of sphere is as follows: V=43π( diameter2)3 Value of diameter is 5.00 m ....Given Information: Molefraction of methane (χmethane) is 0.915. Mole fraction of ethane (χethane) is...Given Information:The volume of reactor is 150 L , temperature of reactor is 25 °C , partial...Expression for ideal gas equation is as follows: PV=nRT Where, P is pressure of gas. V is volume of...Given: Equimolar mixture of gases, SO2 and O2 along with some He . The density of mixture at STP is...Given: The flow rate of methane in combustion chamber is 200. L/min at 1.50 atm and ambient...The amount of gas is calculated as follows: PV=nRT Rearrange above equation for n . n=PVRT Where,...Given: Two sample of gases, one of pure helium and the other is pure radon, separated in two...The equilibrium is indicated as follows: A+B⇌C+D If the reactants A is added more to the flask the...The indicated reaction is given as follows: 2NH3(g)+CO2(g)⇌N2CH4O(s)+H2O(g) The corresponding...Given Information: Value of [HOCl] is 1.0 M . Value of [Cl2O] is 0.10 M . Value of [H2O] is 0.10 M ....Expression for moles of CO2 is as follows: n=mM Where, n is number of moles of CO2 . m is mass of ....Given Information: 1.0 g H2O , 2.00 g Cl2O are introduced in a 1.00 L container. At particular...Given: The reaction: 2NOCl(g)⇌2NO(g) + Cl2(g) at 35 oC, K = 1.6×10−5 . The concentration of NOCl is...Given: The reaction: N2O4(g)⇌2NO2(g) Kp = 0.25 . The expression for the equilibrium constant for the...Given Information: Mass of PCl5 is 2.4156 g at 250.0 °C . At equilibrium, total pressure of...Given reaction is as follows: 2NaHCO3(s)⇌Na2CO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(g) The ICE table for givenreaction is...The endothermic equilibrium reaction for decomposition of SO3 is given as follows:...Given Information: Total pressure at equilibrium is 1.5 atm at 25 °C . N2O4 reached equilibrium at...Given: Initial moles for the ammonia synthesis reaction is: 1.0 mol N2(g) and 3.0 mol H2(g) . At 450...Pure water is neutral at all temperatures. The pH of water is 7 at any temperature. Because when...HA is weak acid and HCl is a strong acid. For a weak acid HA, the ionization reaction can be written...Given: [OH-] = 1.5 M Calculate [H+] : [H+]×[OH-]=1.0×10-14[H+]=1 .0×10 -14 [OH-][H+]=1 .0×10 -14[1.5...Given: [H+] = 1.0 x 10-7 M Calculate [H+] : [H+]×[OH-]=1.0×10-14[OH-]=1 .0×10 -14[H+][OH-]=1 .0×10...Given: pH= 7.40 Calculate [H+] : pH = - log [H+][H+] = 10-pH[H+] = 10-7.40[H+] =4.0×10-8M Calculate...Given: pH=9.63 pOH = 14 – pH = 14 -9.63 = 4.37 Calculate [H+] : pH = - log [H+][H+] = 10-pH[H+] =...The ICE table for the equilibrium reaction is represented as follows: CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌...According to Bronsted-Lowery theory, the substance which can accept H+ ion show basic nature. Here...C6H5NH2(aq)+H2O(l)⇌C6H5NH3+(aq)+ OH-(aq) The Kb for aniline = 3.8 × 10-10 . Concentration of aniline...The equilibrium equation can be written as: NH3(aq)+H2O(l)⇌NH4+(aq)+ OH-(aq) Concentration of NH3 =...Given information: Concentration of acid = 0.20 M Ka1=5.5×10-3Ka2=1.7×10-7Ka3=5.1×10-12 Arsenic acid...In the give compounds; Sr(NO3)2 is a neutral salt as it is composed of strong acid HNO3 and strong...[ KNO2 ] = 0.12 M KNO2 is a basic salt. The ionization of KNO2 forms respective ions: KNO2→K++NO2-...NH3 + H3O+ ⇌ NH4+ + H2O Keq=[ NH 4 +][ NH 3][ H 3 O +]Keq=1Ka for NH4+=KbKw=1.8× 10 −51.0× 10...Ka = 5.6 ×10-5 Concentration = 0.10 Consider Hacr as the abbreviation of acrylic acid. The...The equilibrium constant for the given reaction can be written as: HCO3−(aq) + HCO3−(aq)⇌H2CO3(aq)+...To get the lowest pH, the strong acid and weak base must be added. Hence 0.20 M HCl and 0.20 M NaNO2...Below is the equation of ionization of NaHSO4, when NaHSO4 (sodium hydrogen sulfate) is dissolved...Ka of C5H5NH+ = KwKb=1.0×10−141.7×10−9=5.9×10−6 pKa=−log(5.9×10−6)pKa=5.23 pH = pKa+log[ C 5 H 5N][...Initial pH of the analyte solution; Ba(OH)2 is a strong base. Therefore, the reaction of this base...CH3COOH ⇌ H+ + CH3COO−initial(M) 0.200 - -eqm (0.200−x) x x Ka=[ H +][ CH 3 COO −][ CH...H2NNH2 + H2O ⇌ H2NNH3+ + OH−initial(M) 0.100 - -eqm (0.100−x) x x...Initial pH of the analyte solution can be calculated as follows: Lactic acid is a weak acid that...Initial pH of the analyte solution can be determined as follows: Propanoic acid is a weak acid that...Initial pH of the analyte solution; Ammonia is a weak base that forms an equilibrium when dissolved...Initial pH of the analyte solution; Pyridine is a weak base that forms equilibrium when dissolved in...Before KOH is added, the pH of the solution depends on concentration of acid. The first dissociation...The equilibrium concentration of Ag3PO4 is determined as:...Given: Ksp(PbI2) = 1.4×10-8 The dissociation reaction for lead iodide is: PbI2(s)⇌Pb2+(aq) + 2I−(aq)...Given: Be2+(aq) + F-(aq) ⇌BeF+(aq) K1 = 7.9×104BeF+(aq) + F-(aq) ⇌BeF2(aq) K2 = 5.8×103BeF2(aq) +...Initial pH of the analyte solution; Nitric acid is a strong acid that completely dissociates in...In the given solution, HCN is a weak acid and KOH is strong base. Molarity of HCN is 0.1 M and...Initial pH of the analyte solution; HONH2 is a weak base that forms an equilibrium when dissolved in...(i) At halfway point equivalence, the pH of the solution is equal to pKa . Now, the value for...The ICE table for the dissociation of HSO4- ion is shown below...Number of moles of H2SO4 in 50.0 mL of 0.100 M H2SO4 is calculated as below − Mole of H2SO4=...The reaction of aluminium ions and hydroxide ion forms aluminium hydroxide but it can also form...Chapter 9, Problem 1DQThe initial and final values of pressure and volume are as follows: P1=1 atmP2=2 atmV1=1.0 LV2=2.0 L...Given reaction: 2H2(g)+ O2(g)→2 H2O(l) ΔH = -572 kJ According to given reaction; 2 moles of H2O(l)...Given reaction: 4Fe(s) + 3 O2(g)→2 Fe2O3(s) ΔH = -1652 kJ According to given reaction; 4 moles of Fe...Given: Ca(s)+2C(graphite)→CaC2(s) ΔH=-62.8 kJ -(1) Ca(s)+12O2(g)→CaO(s) ΔH=−635.5 kJ -(2)...Given: C6H4(OH)2(aq)→C6H4O2(aq)+H2(g) ΔH=177.4 kJ -(1) H2(g)+O2(g)→H2O2(aq) ΔH=-191.2 kJ -(2)...Given: P4(s)+6Cl2(g)→4PCl3(g) ΔH=−1225.6 kJ -(1)P4(s)+5O2(g)→P4O10(s) ΔH=−2967.3 kJ...According to given ball and stick model, the balance chemical reaction must be: 2 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g)+...4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g)→4 NO(g)+6 H2O(g)2 NO(g) + O2(g)→2 NO2(g) 3 NO2(g) + H2O(l)→2 HNO3(aq)+ NO(g)...The given reaction is: C2H4(g) + O3(g)→CH3CHO(g) + O2(g) The value of standard enthalpy of formation...Given reaction: N2(g) → N2(l) To predict the sign of w and its direction, the coefficients of all...Al2O3 is solid compound and Al(s) and O2(g) are considered as the elements that contribute to the...For the first step which is at constant pressure or isobaric in nature, the work done can be...Chapter 10, Problem 1DQGiven process is: 2H2S(g)+SO2(g)→3Srhombic(s)+2H2O(g) In this case, sign of entropy is negative as...Given process is: H2(g)+12O2(g)→H2O(l) In this case, sign of entropy is negative as the number of...The given reaction is: CH4(g)+2O2→CO2(g)+2H2O(g) The mathematical expression for the standard free...The given reactions are: CH4(g)+CO2(g)→CH3COOH(l)CH3OH(g)+CO(g)→CH3COOH(l) For first reaction: The...The given reaction is: 2NO2(g)⇌N2O4(g) The mathematical expression for the standard free energy at...N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g) ΔH0=ΔHf0(NH3) = 2×(−46 kJ/mol)ΔH0=−92 kJ/mol...4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) →82.50CPt 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) ΔH0=[(4×90 kJ/mol)+(6×(−242) kJ/mol)]−(4×(−46)...ΔSuniv=0 (reversible process) ΔT=0 , so, ΔE=0 and ΔSsys=qrevT=nRTTlnP1P2=nRlnP1P2ΔSsys=1.00 mol...The change in Gibbs free energy can be calculated as follows: ΔG=ΔG0+ RTlnQ For, HF(aq) 𑨀H+(aq) +...Number of moles of monoatomic ideal gas = 1.0 mole Initial volume = 5.0 L Initial pressure = 5.0 atm...Chapter 10, Problem 147CPΔE=0 and ΔH=0 since ΔT = 0 ΔV=1.00 mol ×0.08206 L.atm/mol.K × 298 K (12.45×10−3 atm−12.45×10−2 atm)...The given reaction is shown below: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g) Given information: ΔH0f(SO2) = -297...Ni(s) + 4 CO(g) 𑨀 Ni(CO)4(g) Number of moles of substances in gas phase has reduced. So, the...Given information: Initial pressure = 2.00 atm Initial volume = 2.00 L Final pressure = 1.00 atm...The structure of galvanic cell is as follows: In this cell two electrons are immersed in the...Below is a sketch of a galvanic cell where electrons flow from anode to cathode with a salt bridge...The given reaction with oxidation state is: (Mn+7O4−2-) (aq) + I-(aq) → I02+ Mn+2(aq) From the...Given information: Cl2 + 2e- → 2Cl- E0 = 1.36 VBr2 + 2e-→ 2Br- E0 = 1.09 V The diagram of cell is...First cell is Cl2 + 2e- → 2Cl- E0= 1.36 VBr2 + 2e- → 2Br- E0= 1.09 V From the above reaction it can...The half reactions are as follows: I2+2e−→2I− E0(cathode)=0.54 V2Cl−→Cl2+2e− −E0(anode)=−1.36 V...The oxidation half-reaction at the anode is: 2Br−(aq) → Br2(aq) + 2e− The reduction half-reaction at...The reduction half cell reaction for Au is as follows: Au+2+2e−→Au E°=1.50 V The reduction half cell...The reduction half cell reaction for Cu is as follows: Cu+2(aq)+2e−→Cu(s) Expression of Nernst...The reduction half cell reaction at anode is as follows: Pb(s)+HSO4−(aq)→PbSO4(s)+H+(aq)+2e− The...Given equilibrium reaction is as follows: Ag2CrO4+2e−→2Ag+CrO42− Expression of reaction quotient for...The half cell reaction for standard hydrogen electrode at anode isas follows: H2→2H++2e− The half...Given: The half reactions of standard galvanic cell as: Cu+2+2e−→CuAg++e−→Ag The reduction potential...Given: The half-reactions at which galvanic cell is based on: Cu(aq)2++2e−→Cu(s) Eo = 0.34...Matter can be represented in both wave and particle form. Waveform of matter can describe three...The quantized energy for each of such discrete orbit can be obtained from the expression as follows:...Expression for wavelength of emitted photon is as follows: λ=hcΔE Where, λ is wavelength of emitted...For H atom, Value of Z is 1. Value of n is 1. Substitute the values in above equation....For a given value of principal quantum number n allowed values of l range from 0 to n−1 , therefore...For n=4 , the permitted values of azimuthal quantum number must range from 0 to 3. Therefore l equal...The atomic number of Ca atom is 20. The electronic configuration of Ca is as follows:...The element Hg is on sixth period in periodic table and its electronic configuration s as follows:...Electrons are distributed in the orbitals the of subshell. The specific region of space in which the...Given Information:Value of wavelength for one emission line is 589 nm and second emission line is...With 2 electrons with n equal to 1, 8 with n equal to 1, and 10 electrons with n equal to 3the...For a given value of principal quantum number n allowed values of l range from 0 to n−1 , therefore...Value of n gives the information about the energy levels in two dimension box. Value of n can never...Square of wavefunction of sphere gives the probability of finding electron. Probability at nucleus...Energy for three lowest levels of a cubical box are E111 , E112 and E122 . The expression to...The expression to calculate energy of a cubical box is as follows: E=h28mL2(nx2+ny2+nz2) Since eight...Given: The four quantum numbers, p, q, r and s . The rules related to them are: p = 1, 2, 3, 4,...Chapter 13, Problem 1DQAnions are formed when a neutral atom or element gain electron(s) whereas cations are formed when a...The number of electrons that the subshells can hold is: s-block - 2 p-block - 6 d-block - 10 f-block...Given: H2(g)+Cl2(g)→2HCl(g) ΔH=∑BEreactant - ∑BEproduct For the given reaction: ΔH=∑BEreactant -...Given: H2(g)+Cl2(g)→2HCl(g) ΔH=∑BEreactant - ∑BEproduct For the given reaction ΔH from bond energy...Given: m:math display='block'>ΔH=∑BEreactant - ∑BEproduct For the given reaction: ΔH=∑BEreactant...HF(g)→H(g)++F(g)− ΔH=∑BEreactant - ∑BEproduct Ionization energy of hydrogen = 1312 kJ/mol Electron...The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded...The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded...The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded...The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded...Total number of valence electrons in POCl3 : (1×5)+(1×6)+(3×7)=32 Hence the best Lewis structure for...The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded...In OCl2 molecule, the total number of valence electrons; (1×6)+(2×7)=20 Hence the best Lewis...Given information: Successive ionization energies of M: 480, 4750 Successive electron affinity...The mathematical function that describes wave nature of the electron within a molecule is known as...To draw the Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each atom and draw...On the basis of types of orbitals involved in mixing, different hybridization is classified as sp,...The bond formation between the atoms takes place due to the sharing of valence electrons of bonded...On the basis of types of orbitals involved in mixing, different hybridization is classified as sp,...A sp3 hybridize carbon atom must have all the sigma bonds with other atoms as from the hybridization...To draw the energy level and Molecular orbital diagram for H2 and He2 molecule; write the electronic...The molecular orbital configuration of H2+,H2,H2−,H22− are: H2+ = (σ1s)1 H2 = (σ1s)2 H2− = (σ1s)2(σ...The given molecule is CN+ . The number of electrons in C and N are 6 and 7 respectively. CN+ is...Given information: N2,N2+,N2− are related with each other. The molecular orbital electronic...Kinetic stability of the reaction basically deals with the rate of the reaction. It occurs when...The reaction is given as follows: 2H2O2(aq)→2H2O(l)+O2(g) The given data is shown below: The rate of...The given reaction is I−(aq)+OCl−(aq)→IO−(aq)+Cl−(aq) . The initial concentration and rate constant...The initial concentration and rate constant is given as follows: The rate law for the given reaction...The given reaction is 2ClO2(aq)+2OH−(aq)→ClO3−(aq)+ClO2−(aq)+H2O(l). The initial concentration and...The given reaction is 2NO(g)+O2(g)→2NO2(g) . The initial concentration and rate constant is given as...The given reaction is H2SeO3(aq)+6I−(aq)+4H+(aq)→Se(s)+2I3−(aq)+3H2O(l). The initial concentration...Given reaction: The chemical reaction is: I−(aq)+OCl−(aq)→IO−(aq)+Cl−(aq) The given data is: The...Given information: Data is given as: Time (s)[O]...Given Information: The initial concentration of [B]0 is equal to the initial concentration of [C]0...SO2Cl2(g) → SO2(g) + Cl2(g) P0= initial pressure of SO2Cl2 If x=PSO2 , then x=PSO2=PCl2 and...C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O The order of the reaction should be determined first. Initial pressure of C2H5OH...The given reaction is as follows: H2O2(aq)+3I−(aq)+2H+(aq)→I3−(aq)+2H2O(l) The initial concentration...Given information: Data is given as: Time (s)Experiment 1 [A] mole/LExperiment 2[A]...The intermolecular forces between the water molecules are strong which keeps them close to each...The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist...The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist...The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist...The ion-dipole and dipole-dipole exist between dipoles and ions whereas hydrogen bonding exist...Crystalline solids have well defined ordered arrangement of particles whereas amorphous solids have...Crystalline solids have well defined ordered arrangement of particles whereas amorphous solids have...The NaCl unit cell contains a face-centered cubic arrangement of cations and anions. There are 4...Given information : Typical atmospheric pressure- 520torr ΔHvap=40.7kjmol−1 Temperature- 3500C Under...Given information: P2 is 836 torr at T2=80.°C=80+273=353 K P1 is 213 torr at T1=40.°C=40+273=313 K...A triple point is the point in the phase diagram at which all the three phases will join together....Given information: Temperature inside the pressure cooker is (T2) 115°C=(115+273) K=388 K Vapor...Crystalline solids have well defined ordered arrangement of particles whereas amorphous solids have...The volume of water can be converted into gallons as follows: Volume of water = 1 gallon × ( 3785 c...The given structures are as follows: By considering the color code for spheres, the number of atoms...If the vapour pressure of solution is less than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent, the vapor...In aqueous solution, HNO3 is completely dissociated and gives H+ and NO3- ion. HNO3 → H+(aq) +...Hydrochloric acid (HCl): Density of HCl solution is 1.19 g/cm3 . Therefore, the density of 1 L...The volume of toluene= 50 mL The volume of benzene= 125 mL Density of toluene= 0.867 g cm3 Density...Given, Mass of phosphoric acid=10.0 g Volume of water = 100 mL Total volume of solution = 104.0 mL...Given density of water as 1.00 g/cm3 Volume of water 100 mL Density=MassVolumeMass = Density x...The process of formation of solution takes place in 3 main steps The solutes separating into...Mole fraction of each component in vapor can be calculated by taking the ratio of partial pressure...Given is the vapor pressure of solution of propanol with water at different composition. ΧH2OVapor...Given: Vapor pressure of pure benzene is 750.0 torr and of pure toluene is 300.0 torr. The mole...Given information: 285 -315 mg Na+ 14.1 -17.3 mg K+ 4.9 − 6.0 mg Ca2+ 368 − 408 mg Cl- 231 − 261 mg...Given: 0.05 mole of Fe2(SO4)3 is dissolved in water to make a solution of 1.0 L. The ions present in...Given information : The compound VCl4 undergoes dimerization. The 6.6834 g of VCl4 dissolved in...The mole fraction is the ratio of the number of moles of a given component to the total number of...The hydrogen gas exists as dihydrogen with molecular formula H2 . It is a vital element which is...The given reaction is: CH4(g)+H2O(g)⇌CO(g)+3H2(g) The value of standard entropy for CO(g) is 197.6...The given reaction is: 3H2(g)+N2(g)→2NH3(g) The value of standard entropy for NH3(g) is 192.8 J/Kmol...Given information: Bonding in NO, NO+ , and NO− can be explained with MOT and localized electron...Given information: The hybridization can be checked with the help of Lewis structure and VSEPR...Nitrogen trifloride is colorless, inorganic thermally stable compound. It is non- flammable in...To draw the Lewis structure of NO+ ion: Number of valence electrons in N = 5 Number of valence...To draw the Lewis structure of SF6: Number of valence electrons in S = 6 Number of valence electrons...Given: The volume of Xe in atmosphere = 9.0×10−6 % at 25o C and 1 atm . The dimensions of room is...Given that The molecular formula for telluric acid is H6TeO6 Oxidation state of O is -2 and H is +1....Given: pK = -8.60 for the formation of MgP3O10−3 . The reaction for the formation of MgP3O10−3 is:...Number of H2 molecule = 6 molecules Number of N2 gas = 6 molecules The balance chemical equation for...The formation of ozone gas can be represented as follows: 3O2(g)⇌2O3(g) The change in enthalpy can...On the basis of number of steps in a chemical reaction, the reactions can be classified as...[PtCl6]2- is the formula of the compound that displays the complex ion. When AgNO3 is added into the...The atomic number of Cr is 24. It is placed in the group-VIB of the periodic table. It is a...The dissociation of ( NH4)2[Fe( H 2O)2Cl4] is shown below: ( NH4)2[Fe( H 2O)2Cl4]→2NH4++[Fe( H 2...In the formula of writing and naming of coordination complex; IUPAC rule must be followed. The name...In the formula of writing and naming of coordination complex; IUPAC rule must be followed. The name...Isomers can be defined as the coordination complexes or molecules which have same formula due to...In the formula of writing and naming of coordination complex; IUPAC rule must be followed. Atomic...Given information: Addition of excess of aqueous silver nitrate to 100.0 mL portion of 0.100 M...Given: Fe(H2O)63+(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+(aq) + H3O+(aq) Ka = 6.0×10−3 The relationship...Co3++ e- →Co2+ ξ°=1.82VCo(en)33+ = Kf = 2.0×1047 Co(en)32+= Kf = 1.5×1012 For Co(en)33++ e-...Solid AgBr soluble in water to form; AgBr(s)→Ag(aq)++ Br(aq)- Ksp = 5.0×10−13 The solubility product...Each molecule has its own structure which decides its strength based on the bonding of the...The radioactive decay of H13 which produces β is depicted as below H13→?+e−10 While computing the...Given information : The given reaction is as follows, G73a→G73e+? Let the missing particle is XZA ,...The radioactive decay of G68a where electron capture takes place is depicted as as below...The decay of A95241m with production of alpha particle is depicted by equation as A95241m→?+H24e ....The equation given is ?+H24e→B97243k+n01 To determine the mass number and atomic number of unknown...Following is the carbon-nitrogen cycle that occurs in the sun:- H11+C612→N713+γ00...The unstable radioactive nucleus will undergo disintegration and will also emit particle such as...The following equation is representing the decay of the uranium-232 to radon -222 −...Hydrocarbons are formed by hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are classified into two categories. The...The structure of the compound is, The parent chain consists of four carbon atoms. So, the name of...The compound is as follows: First identify the parent chain of the compound. The parent chain...Given information: ClassFunctional GroupGeneral FormulaExampleHalohaydrocarbon−X (F, Cl, Br,...From the table, the general structure for ketone is as follows: The given compound contains a ketone...The general structure for ketone and alcohol are as follows: Hence, ketone and alcohol functional...Minoxidil contains two −NH2 groups. The amine groups are basic in nature as N atom of this...The formula of trans-2-butane is C4H8. The cyclic compounds that is an isomer of trans-2-butene are...When bromine adds to alkene, the red colour of bromine lost due to boning of bromine to alkene. This...Fisher esterification reaction is as follows: From the above reaction, it is clear that when...From reviewing the given polymer, it can be noted that the molecules CH2- CHF are found to be...The lysine molecules with peptide linkage will be represented as − The value of ΔH for the reaction...Given: +H3NCH2COO2-+ H2O⇌H2NCH2COO-+ H3O+...(a) Ka for the carboxylic group of glycine = 4.3 ×10−3...The equilibrium constant of reaction Key is known and the value is as follows: Keq=7.3 x 10-13 This...The reaction of ethyl alcohol oxidized by dichromate ion giving acetic acid and chromium (III) is as...The structure of the compound is given as follows: From the above structure, it can be seen that...Initially 1.0 M of 50 mL glycine hydrochloride is present. When 25 mL of NaOH is added to it, the...
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