
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The equation for the decay of
Concept Introduction:
Radioactive decay of unstable nuclei leads to formation of smaller nuclei that are stable and during this course alpha, beta and gamma radiations are emitted. When alpha particles are released, the new nuclei will display a decrease of 4 units in mass number and decrease of 2 units in
(a)

Answer to Problem 11E
The equation for the decay of
Explanation of Solution
The decay of
While computing the mass numbers and
Mass number: 241 =? + 4
x = 237
Atomic number: 95 =? + 2
y= 93
Hence unknown element is
Hence, the decay of the decay of
(b)
Interpretation:
The balanced equation for the complete decay of
Concept Introduction:
Alpha decay involves the release of alpha particle, namely,
Beta decay involves the release of beta particle, namely,
(b)

Answer to Problem 11E
The final product obtained complete decay of
Explanation of Solution
The complete decay of
In other words, it indicates that
Mass number = 8 x 4 + 0 = 32 units
Atomic number = 16 + (-4) = 12 units
While computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 241 = 0 + 32
x = 209
Atomic number: 95 =? + 12
y= 83
Hence unknown element is
The decay of
(c)
Interpretation:
The intermediate products formed by complete decay of
Concept Introduction:
There is a release of alpha particle in alpha decay wherein the emitted is
In Beta decay, there is of a beta particle which is
(c)

Answer to Problem 11E
The various intermediates formed by complete decay of
Explanation of Solution
-The alpha decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 241 =? + 4
x = 237
Atomic number: 95 =? + 2
y= 93
Hence unknown element is
The alpha decay of
-The alpha decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 237 =? + 4
x = 230
Atomic number: 93 =? + 2
y= 91
Hence unknown element is
The alpha decay of
-The beta decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 233 =? + 0
x = 233
Atomic number: 91 =? + (-1)
y= 92
\Hence unknown element is
The beta decay of
-The alpha decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 233 =? + 4
x = 229
Atomic number: 92 =? + 2
y= 90
Hence unknown element is
The alpha decay of
-The alpha decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 229 =? + 4
x = 225
Atomic number: 90 =? + 2
y= 88
Hence unknown element is
The alpha decay of
-The beta decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 225 =? + 0
x = 225
Atomic number: 88 =? + (-1)
y= 89
Hence unknown element is
The beta decay of
-The alpha decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 225 =? + 4
x = 221
Atomic number: 89 =? + 2
y= 87
Hence unknown element is
The alpha decay of
-The alpha decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 221 =? + 4
x = 217
Atomic number: 87 =? + 2
y= 85
Hence unknown element is
The alpha decay of
-The alpha decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 217 =? + 4
x = 213
Atomic number: 85 =? + 2
y= 83
Hence unknown element is
The alpha decay of
-The beta decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 213 =? + 0
x = 213
Atomic number: 83 =? + (-1)
y= 84
Hence unknown element is
The beta decay of
-The alpha decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 213 =? + 4
x = 209
Atomic number: 84 =? + 2
y= 82
Hence unknown element is
The alpha decay of
-The beta decay of
Computing the mass numbers and atomic mass for unknown element, it is found that
Mass number: 209 =? + 0
x = 209
Atomic number: 82 =? + (-1)
y= 83
Hence unknown element is
The beta decay of
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Chapter 20 Solutions
Chemical Principles
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