The initial pH of the solution containing barium hydroxide is to be determined. Concept introduction: A strong acid or a strong base can completely dissociate into its ions when they are in an aqueous solution. Barium hydroxide is a strong base while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. When these two chemical species react with each other, they form their ionic forms and a neutral solution.
The initial pH of the solution containing barium hydroxide is to be determined. Concept introduction: A strong acid or a strong base can completely dissociate into its ions when they are in an aqueous solution. Barium hydroxide is a strong base while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. When these two chemical species react with each other, they form their ionic forms and a neutral solution.
The initial pH of the solution containing barium hydroxide is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A strong acid or a strong base can completely dissociate into its ions when they are in an aqueous solution. Barium hydroxide is a strong base while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. When these two chemical species react with each other, they form their ionic forms and a neutral solution.
(a)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 64E
The pH of the initial barium hydroxide solution is 13.30 .
Explanation of Solution
Initial pH of the analyte solution; Ba(OH)2 is a strong base. Therefore, the reaction of this base with water is Ba(OH)2+H2O→Ba+2+2OH−+H2O . Then the initial pOH of the solution can be calculated using the concentration of the base directly. There, the stoichiometry of the above reaction should be considered (one mole of barium hydroxide gives two moles of hydroxide ion).
Using the relationship between pH and pOH, we can determine the initial pH of the analyte solution.
14=pH+pOH14=pH+0.70pH=13.30
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The pH of the barium hydroxide solution when 20.0mL of acid is added to it is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A strong acid or a strong base can completely dissociate into its ions when they are in an aqueous solution. Barium hydroxide is a strong base while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. When these two chemical species react with each other, they form their ionic forms and a neutral solution.
(b)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 64E
The pH of the resulting solution is 12.91 .
Explanation of Solution
When 20.0mL of the acid is added to the base, some amount of the base reacts with the acid. Therefore, we can determine the pH of the resulting solution by calculating the remaining amount of base in the solution.
Total amount of base =0.100mol/L×80.0×10−3L=8×10−3mol
Amount of the acid added to the base =0.400mol/L×20.0×10−3L=8×10−3mol
The reaction between barium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is as follows:
Ba(OH)2+2HCl→BaCl2+2H2O
This means two moles of the acid react with one mole of the base. Therefore, only 4×10−3mol of the base is reacted with the added acid. Then 4×10−3mol of base remains in the solution. One mole of barium hydroxide produces two moles of hydroxide ions.
moles of Ba(OH)2=4×10−3molmoles of OH−=4×10−3mol×2=8×10−3molConcentation of OH−=8×10−3mol(80.0+20.0)×10−3L=0.08mol/L
Using this value, the pH of the solution can be determined.
The pH of the barium hydroxide solution when 30.0mL of acid is added to it is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A strong acid or a strong base can completely dissociate into its ions when they are in an aqueous solution. Barium hydroxide is a strong base while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. When these two chemical species react with each other, they form their ionic forms and a neutral solution.
(c)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 64E
The pH of the resulting solution is 12.56 .
Explanation of Solution
When 30.0mL of the acid is added to the base, some amount of the base reacts with the acid. Therefore, we can determine the pH of the resulting solution by calculating the remaining amount of base in the solution.
Total amount of base =0.100mol/L×80.0×10−3L=8×10−3mol
Amount of the acid added to the base =0.400mol/L×30.0×10−3L=12×10−3mol
The reaction between barium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is as follows:
Ba(OH)2+2HCl→BaCl2+2H2O
This means two moles of the acid react with one mole of the base. Therefore, only 12×10−3mol2=6×10−3mol of the base is reacted with the added acid. Then (8−6)×10−3mol=2×10−3mol of base remains in the solution. One mole of barium hydroxide produces two moles of hydroxide ions.
moles of Ba(OH)2=2×10−3molmoles of OH−=2×10−3mol×2=4×10−3molConcentation of OH−=4×10−3mol(80.0+30.0)×10−3L=0.036mol/L
Using this value, the pH of the solution can be determined.
The pH of the barium hydroxide solution when 40.0mL of acid is added to it is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A strong acid or a strong base can completely dissociate into its ions when they are in an aqueous solution. Barium hydroxide is a strong base while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. When these two chemical species are reacted with each other, they form their ionic forms and a neutral solution.
(d)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 64E
The pH of the resulting solution is 7.00 .
Explanation of Solution
When 20.0mL of the acid is added to the base, some amount of the base reacts with the acid. Therefore, we can determine the pH of the resulting solution by calculating the remaining amount of base in the solution.
Total amount of base =0.100mol/L×80.0×10−3L=8×10−3mol
Amount of the acid added to the base =0.400mol/L×40.0×10−3L=16×10−3mol
The reaction between barium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is as follows:
Ba(OH)2+2HCl→BaCl2+2H2O
This means two moles of the acid react with one mole of the base. Therefore, 16×10−3mol2=8×10−3mol of the base is reacted with the added acid. Then there is no base remains in the solution. At this pH, the solution becomes neutral and the pH is 7.00 .
(e)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The pH of the barium hydroxide solution when 80.0mL of acid is added to it is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A strong acid or a strong base can completely dissociate into its ions when they are in an aqueous solution. Barium hydroxide is a strong base while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. When these two chemical species are reacted with each other, they form their ionic forms and a neutral solution.
(e)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 64E
The pH of the resulting solution is 1.30 .
Explanation of Solution
When 20.0mL of the acid is added to the base, some amount of the base reacts with the acid. Therefore, we can determine the pH of the resulting solution by calculating the remaining amount of base in the solution.
Total amount of base =0.100mol/L×80.0×10−3L=8×10−3mol
Amount of the acid added to the base =0.400mol/L×80.0×10−3L=32×10−3mol
The reaction between barium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is as follows:
Ba(OH)2+2HCl→BaCl2+2H2O
This means two moles of the acid react with one mole of the base. Therefore, 32×10−3mol2=16×10−3mol of the base is reacted with the added acid. Then there is no base remains in the solution and there is excess of acid in the solution.
The amount of acid in the solution =16×10−3mol−8×10−3mol=8×10−3mol
Concentration of the acid =8×10−3mol(80.0+80.0)×10−3L=0.05mol/L
One mole of acid produces one mole of hydrogen ion. Therefore,
pH=−log[H+]=−log[0.05]=1.30
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You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products:
xi
1. ☑
2. H₂O
хе
i
Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below.
If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications.
: ☐
S
☐
Predict the major products of this organic reaction:
H
OH
1. LiAlH4
2. H₂O
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Note: be sure you use dash and wedge bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry.
Click and drag to start drawing a
structure.
G
C
टे
For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new C-C bond, and check the appropriate box.
Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below.
Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first
stable product you expect to form in solution.
NH2
CI
MgCl
?
Will the first product that forms in this reaction
create a new CC bond?
Yes
No
MgBr
?
Will the first product that forms in this reaction
create a new CC bond?
Yes
No
G
टे
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