Chapter 18, Problem 119AE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hybridization of central atom in ${\text{SF}}_{\text{6}}$ molecule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The shape or geometry of molecule can be predicted with the help of hybridization and VSEPR theory. It can be checked with the below formula:

  $\text{Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms}\text{.}$

Answer to Problem 119AE

  ${\text{SF}}_{\text{6}}$ molecule = ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}{\text{d}}^{\text{2}}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the Lewis structure of ${\text{SF}}_{\text{6}}$:

Number of valence electrons in S = 6

Number of valence electrons in F = 7

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{SF}}_{\text{6}}$ = (1 x 6) + ( 6 x 7) = 48 electrons

Hence the Lewis structure of ${\text{SF}}_{\text{6}}$ must be:

  

The hybridization can be checked with the help of Lewis structure and VSEPR theory which provide the geometry of molecules with lone pairs.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms}\text{.}\\ {\text{Hybridization =6 +0 = 6 = sp}}^{\text{3}}{\text{d}}^{\text{2}}\text{ = octahedral}\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Interpret the hybridization of central atom in ${\text{ClF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The shape or geometry of molecule can be predicted with the help of hybridization and VSEPR theory. It can be checked with the below formula:

  $\text{Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms}\text{.}$

Answer to Problem 119AE

  ${\text{ClF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule = ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}\text{d }$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the Lewis structure of ${\text{ClF}}_{\text{3}}$:

Number of valence electrons in Cl = 7

Number of valence electrons in F = 7

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{ClF}}_{\text{3}}$ = $(1\times 7)+(3\times 7)=28$

Hence the Lewis structure of ${\text{ClF}}_{\text{3}}$ must be:

  

The hybridization can be checked with the help of Lewis structure and VSEPR theory which provide the geometry of molecules with lone pairs.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms}\text{.}\\ {\text{Hybridization = 3 +2 = 5 = sp}}^{\text{3}}\text{d = T-shape due to presence of 2 lone pair}\end{array}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hybridization of central atom in ${\text{GeCl}}_4$ molecule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The shape or geometry of molecule can be predicted with the help of hybridization and VSEPR theory. It can be checked with the below formula:

  $\text{Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms}\text{.}$

Answer to Problem 119AE

  ${\text{GeCl}}_4$ molecule = ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the Lewis structure of ${\text{GeCl}}_4$:

Number of valence electrons in Ge = 4

Number of valence electrons in Cl = 7

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{GeCl}}_4$ = $(1\times 4)+(4\times 7)=32$

Hence the Lewis structure of ${\text{GeCl}}_4$ must be:

  

The hybridization can be checked with the help of Lewis structure and VSEPR theory which provide the geometry of molecules with lone pairs.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms}\text{.}\\ \text{Hybridization = 4+ 0}\\ {\text{Hybridization =4= sp}}^{\text{3}}\text{ = tetrahedral (109 }°\text{)}\end{array}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hybridization of central atom in ${\text{XeF}}_4$ molecule needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis dot structure is the representation which shows the bonding between atoms present in a molecule. It shows lone pairs and bond pairs that existing on each bonded atom. Lewis dot structure is also known as Lewis dot formula or electron dot structure.

The shape or geometry of molecule can be predicted with the help of hybridization and VSEPR theory. It can be checked with the below formula:

  $\text{Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms}\text{.}$

Answer to Problem 119AE

  ${\text{XeF}}_4$ molecule = ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}{\text{d}}^{\text{2}}$

Explanation of Solution

To draw the Lewis structure of ${\text{XeF}}_4$:

Number of valence electrons in Xe = 8

Number of valence electrons in F = 7

Total number of valence electrons in ${\text{XeF}}_4$ = $(1\times 8)+(4\times 7)=36$

Hence the Lewis structure of ${\text{XeF}}_4$ must be:

  

The hybridization can be checked with the help of Lewis structure and VSEPR theory which provide the geometry of molecules with lone pairs.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pairs on bonded atoms}\text{.}\\ {\text{Hybridization = 4 +2 = 6 = sp}}^{\text{3}}{\text{d}}^{\text{2}}\text{ = square planer due to presence of 2 lone pairs}\end{array}$