Chapter U1.14, Problem 8E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Basic atomic models of all stable isotopes of oxygen must be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The isotopes are atoms of elements having different mass numbers but the same atomic number. Basically, they have a different number of neutrons present in the nucleus.

Three stable isotopes of oxygen are $\text{O}$, $\text{O}$ and $\text{O}$.

Answer to Problem 8E

Explanation of Solution

In all the three isotopes, the number of protons is the same which is 8. The number of electrons is also 8. The number of neutrons are 8, 9, 10 for $\text{O}$, $\text{O}$ and $\text{O}$ respectively.

The first orbit has two electrons and the remaining 6 electrons are revolving in the valence orbit. Protons and neutrons are at the nucleus. Protons are designated as ‘ + ’ sign, electrons are designated as small black dots and neutrons are designated as big black dots.