Chapter U1.24, Problem 11E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration for oxygen atom needs to be written in expanded form and in noble gas shorthand method.

Concept introduction:

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits called shells. The shells are numbered as n = 1, 2, 3, 4…. The shells are divided into subshells. The subshells are referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10 and 14 electrons respectively. The electrons can be arranged in a shorthand notation form called electron configuration.

Answer to Problem 11E

The electronic configuration of oxygen is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ and [He] 2s² 2p⁴.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of oxygen is 8. It is located in p block of periodic table. Its position is in group 15 and period 2. In a neutral atom of oxygen there are 8electrons which are located in shells, n = 1, n=2. The noble gas that comes before oxygen is helium.

The electronic configuration of oxygen is 1s² 2s² 2p⁴, [He]2s² 2p⁴.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration for chlorine atom needs to be written in expanded form and in noble gas shorthand method.

Concept introduction:

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits called shells. The shells are numbered as n = 1, 2, 3, 4…. The shells are divided into subshells. The subshells are referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10 and 14 electrons respectively. The electrons can be arranged in a shorthand notation form called electron configuration.

Answer to Problem 11E

The electronic configuration of chlorine is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶3s²3p⁵ and [Ne] 3s²3p⁵.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of chlorine is 17. It is located in p block of periodic table. Its position is in group 17 and period 3. In a neutral atom of chlorine there are 17electrons which are located in shells, n = 1, n=2, n=3. The noble gas that comes before chlorine is neon.

The electronic configuration of chlorine is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶3s²3p⁵ and [Ne] 3s²3p⁵.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration for iron atom needs to be written in expanded form and in noble gas shorthand method.

Concept introduction:

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits called shells. The shells are numbered as n = 1, 2, 3, 4…. The shells are divided into subshells. The subshells are referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10 and 14 electrons respectively. The electrons can be arranged in a shorthand notation form called electron configuration.

Answer to Problem 11E

The electronic configuration of iron is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶ and [Ar] 4s²3d⁶.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of iron is 26. It is located in d block of periodic table. Its position is in group 8 and period 4. In a neutral atom of iron there are 26 electrons which are located in shells, n = 1, n=2, n=3, n=4. The noble gas that comes before iron is argon.

The electronic configuration of iron is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶ and [Ar] 4s²3d⁶.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration for calcium needs to be written in expanded form and in noble gas shorthand method.

Concept introduction:

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits called shells. The shells are numbered as n = 1, 2, 3, 4…. The shells are divided into subshells. The subshells are referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10 and 14 electrons respectively. The electrons can be arranged in a shorthand notation form called electron configuration.

Answer to Problem 11E

The electronic configuration of calcium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 4s² and [Ar] 4s².

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of calcium is 20. It is located in s block of periodic table. Its position is in group 2 and period 4. In a neutral atom of calcium there are 20 electrons which are located in shells, n = 1, n=2, n=3, n=4. The noble gas that comes before calcium is argon.

The electronic configuration of calcium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 4s², [Ar] 4s².

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration for Mg needs to be written in expanded form and in noble gas shorthand method.

Concept introduction:

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits called shells. The shells are numbered as n = 1, 2, 3, 4…. The shells are divided into subshells. The subshells are referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10 and 14 electrons respectively. The electrons can be arranged in a shorthand notation form called electron configuration.

Answer to Problem 11E

The electronic configuration of magnesium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² and [Ne]3s².

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of magnesium is 12. It is located in s block of periodic table. Its position is in group 2 and period 3. In a neutral atom of magnesium there are 12 electrons which are located in shells, n = 1, n=2, n=3. The noble gas that comes before magnesium is neon.

The electronic configuration of magnesium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² and [Ne]3s².

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration for silver needs to be written in expanded form and in noble gas shorthand method.

Concept introduction:

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits called shells. The shells are numbered as n = 1, 2, 3, 4…. The shells are divided into subshells. The subshells are referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10 and 14 electrons respectively. The electrons can be arranged in a shorthand notation form called electron configuration.

Answer to Problem 11E

The electronic configuration of silver is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s² 3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d⁹ and [Kr]5s²4d⁹.

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of silver is 47. It is located in d block of periodic table. Its position is in group 11 and period 5. In a neutral atom of silver there are 47 electrons which are located in shells, n = 1, n=2, n=3, n=4, n=5. The noble gas that comes before silver is krypton.

The electronic configuration of silver is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s² 3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d⁹ and [Kr]5s²4d⁹.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration for silicon needs to be written in expanded form and in noble gas shorthand method.

Concept introduction:

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits called shells. The shells are numbered as n = 1, 2, 3, 4…. The shells are divided into subshells. The subshells are referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10 and 14 electrons respectively. The electrons can be arranged in a shorthand notation form called electron configuration.

Answer to Problem 11E

The electronic configuration of silicon is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²3p² and [Ne] 3s²3p².

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of silicon is 14. It is located in p block of periodic table. Its position is in group 14 and period 3. In a neutral atom of silicon there are 14 electrons which are located in shells, n = 1, n=2, n=3, n=4. The noble gas that comes before silicon is neon.

The electronic configuration of silicon is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²3p² and [Ne] 3s²3p².

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration for mercury needs to be written in expanded form and in noble gas shorthand method.

Concept introduction:

Electrons revolve around the nucleus in orbits called shells. The shells are numbered as n = 1, 2, 3, 4…. The shells are divided into subshells. The subshells are referred to as s, p, d, and f subshells. These subshells can have a maximum of 2, 6, 10 and 14 electrons respectively. The electrons can be arranged in a shorthand notation form called electron configuration.

Answer to Problem 11E

The electronic configuration of mercury is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰ 5s²5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² and [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰6s².

Explanation of Solution

The atomic number of mercury is 80. It is located in d block of periodic table. Its position is in group 12 and period 6. In a neutral atom of mercury there are 80 electrons which are located in shells, n = 1, n=2, n=3, n=4, n=5, n=6. The noble gas that comes before mercury is xenon.

The electronic configuration of mercury is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰ 5s²5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² and [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰6s².