Introduction to General, Organic and Bi...11th EditionFrederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres Publisher: Cengage LearningISBN: 9781285869759
Introduction to General, Organic and Bi...
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Chapter 1 - Matter, Energy, And MeasurementChapter 1.3 - How Do Scientists Report Numbers?Chapter 1.4 - How Do We Make Measurements?Chapter 1.5 - What Is A Handy Way To Convert From One Unit To Another?Chapter 1.7 - What Are Density And Specific Gravity?Chapter 1.9 - How Do We Describe Heat And The Ways In Whicit Is Transferred?Chapter 2 - AtomsChapter 2.2 - How Do We Classify Matter?Chapter 2.4 - What Are Atoms Made Of?Chapter 2.6 - How Are The Electrons In An Atom Arranged?
Chapter 3 - Chemical BondsChapter 3.2 - What Is The Octet Rule?Chapter 3.4 - What Are The Two Major Types Of Chemical Bonds?Chapter 3.5 - What Is An Ionic Bond?Chapter 3.6 - How Do We Name Ionic Compounds?Chapter 3.7 - What Is A Covalent Bond?Chapter 3.8 - How Do We Name Binary Covalent Compounds?Chapter 3.9 - What Is Resonance?Chapter 3.10 - How Do We Predict Bond Angles In Covalent Molecules?Chapter 3.11 - How Do We Determine If A Molecule Is Polar?Chapter 4 - Chemical ReactionsChapter 4.2 - How Do We Balance Chemical Equations?Chapter 4.3 - How Can We Predict If Ions In Aqueous Solution Will React With Eacother?Chapter 4.4 - What Are Oxidation And Reduction?Chapter 4.5 - What Are Formula Weights And Molecular Weights?Chapter 4.6 - What Is A Mole And How Do We Use It To Calculate Mass Relationships?Chapter 4.7 - How Do We Calculate Mass Relationships In Chemical Reactions?Chapter 5 - Gases, Liquids, And SolidsChapter 5.3 - What Are The Laws That Govern The Behavior Of Gases?Chapter 5.4 - What Are Avogadro's Law And The Ideal Gas Law?Chapter 5.5 - What Is Dalton's Law Of Partial Pressures?Chapter 5.7 - What Types Of Intermolecular Attractive Forces Exist Between Molecules?Chapter 5.10 - What Is A Phase Change And What Energies Are Involved?Chapter 6 - Solutions And ColloidsChapter 6.5 - What Are The Most Common Units For Concentration?Chapter 6.8 - What Is A Colligative Property?Chapter 7 - Reaction Rates And Chemical EquilibriumChapter 7.1 - How Do We Measure Reaction Rates?Chapter 7.4 - How Can We Change The Rate Of A Chemical Reaction?Chapter 7.6 - What Is An Equilibrium Constant And How Do We Use It?Chapter 7.7 - What Is Le Chatelier's Principle?Chapter 8 - Acids And BasesChapter 8.3 - What Are Conjugate Acid.base Pairs?Chapter 8.4 - How Can We Tell The Position Of Equilibrium In An Acid.base Reaction?Chapter 8.5 - How Do We Use Acid Ionization Constants?Chapter 8.6 - What Are The Properties Of Acids And Bases?Chapter 8.7 - What Are The Acidic And Basic Properties Of Pure Water?Chapter 8.8 - What Are Ph And Poh?Chapter 8.9 - How Do We Use Titrations To Calculate Concentration?Chapter 8.10 - What Are Buffers?Chapter 8.11 - How Do We Calculate The Ph Of A Buffer?Chapter 8.12 - What Are Tris, Hepes, And These Buffers With The Strange Names?Chapter 9 - Nuclear ChemistryChapter 9.3 - What Happens When A Nucleus Emits Radioactivity?Chapter 9.4 - What Is Nuclear Half.life?Chapter 9.5 - How Do We Detect And Measure Nuclear Radiation?Chapter 10 - Organic ChemistryChapter 10.3 - How Do We Write Structural Formulas Of Organic Compounds?Chapter 10.4 - What Is A Functional Group?Chapter 11 - AlkanesChapter 11.2 - How Do We Write Structural Formulas Of Alkanes?Chapter 11.3 - What Are Constitutional Isomers?Chapter 11.4 - How Do We Name Alkanes?Chapter 11.6 - What Are Cycloalkanes?Chapter 11.7 - What Are The Shapes Of Alkanes And Cycloalkanes?Chapter 11.8 - What Is Cis.trans Isomerism In Cycloalkanes?Chapter 11.9 - What Are The Physical Properties Of Alkanes And Cycloalkanes?Chapter 11.10 - What Are The Characteristic Reactions Of Alkanes?Chapter 12 - Alkenes And AlkynesChapter 12.3 - How Do We Name Alkenes And Alkynes?Chapter 12.5 - What Are The Characteristic Reactions Of Alkenes?Chapter 13 - Benzene And Its DerivativesChapter 13.2 - How Do We Name Aromatic Compounds?Chapter 14 - Alcohols, Ethers, And ThiolsChapter 14.1 - What Are The Structures, Names, And Physical Properties Of Alcohols?Chapter 14.2 - What Are The Characteristic Reactions Of Alcohols?Chapter 14.3 - What Are The Structures, Names, And Physical Properties Of Ethers?Chapter 14.4 - What Are The Structures, Names, And Physical Properties Of Thiols?Chapter 15 - Chirality: The Handedness Of MoleculesChapter 15.1 - What Is Enantiomerism?Chapter 15.2 - How Do We Specify The Configuration Of A Stereocenter?Chapter 15.3 - How Many Stereoisomers Are Possible For Molecules With Two Or More Stereocenters?Chapter 16 - AminesChapter 16.1 - What Are Amines?Chapter 16.2 - How Do We Name Amines?Chapter 16.4 - How Do We Describe The Basicity Of Amines?Chapter 16.5 - What Are The Characteristic Reactions Of Amines?Chapter 17 - Aldehydes And KetonesChapter 17.2 - How Do We Name Aldehydes And Ketones?Chapter 17.4 - What Are The Characteristic Reactions Of Aldehydes And Ketones?Chapter 17.5 - What Is Keto.enol Tautomerism?Chapter 18 - Carboxylic AcidsChapter 18.2 - How Do We Name Carboxylic Acids?Chapter 18.5 - What Are The Characteristic Reactions Of Carboxylic Acids?Chapter 19 - Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, And AmidesChapter 19.1 - What Are Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, And Amides?Chapter 19.4 - What Are The Characteristic Reactions Of Anhydrides, Esters, And Amides?Chapter 20 - CarbohydratesChapter 20.1 - Carbohydrates: What Are Monosaccharides?Chapter 20.2 - What Are The Cyclic Structures Of Monosaccharides?Chapter 20.3 - What Are The Characteristic Reactions Of Monosaccharides?Chapter 20.4 - What Are Disaccharides And Oligosaccharides?Chapter 21 - LipidsChapter 21.8 - What Are Glycolipids?Chapter 22 - ProteinsChapter 22.4 - How Do Amino Acids Combine To Form Proteins?Chapter 22.10 - Interlude: How Does The Presence Of Transition Metals Affect The Structure Of Proteins?Chapter 22.11 - What Is The Tertiary Structure Of A Protein?Chapter 23 - EnzymesChapter 24 - Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters And HormonesChapter 24.5 - What Are Adrenergic Messengers?Chapter 25 - Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, And HeredityChapter 25.2 - What Are Nucleic Acids Made Of?Chapter 26 - Gene Expression And Protein SynthesisChapter 26.2 - How Is Dna Transcribed Into Rna?Chapter 26.4 - What Is The Genetic Code?Chapter 26.6 - How Are Genes Regulated?Chapter 26.8 - How And Why Do We Manipulate Dna?Chapter 27 - Bioenergetics: How The Body Converts Food To EnergyChapter 28 - Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, And Protein MetabolismChapter 28.7 - What Are Ketone Bodies?Chapter 29 - Biosynthetic PathwaysChapter 30 - NutritionChapter 31 - Immunochemistry
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Gain a comprehensive understanding of chemistry and see how it relates to health science with INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOCHEMISTRY. This bestseller features dynamic art, interesting examples, coverage of the latest issues, and a wide variety of medical and biological applications. As you explore topics such as botulin toxin as a cosmetic agent, implications for the use of antibiotics, the Atkins diet, and ultraviolet sunscreen, you will see how useful the study of chemistry is to so many aspects of your life. The book's built-in integration with OWLv2 (Online Web-based Learning) turns your chemistry study time into active experiences that build your comprehension and bring concepts to life.
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.12PConverting 320° F to Celsius: 0C=59(0F−32) 0C=59(3200−32) =1600C Converting 1600 C to Kelvin:...Converting 250 C to Fahrenheit: 0F=950C+32 0F=95(250)+32 =770F Converting 250 C to Kelvin: K=0C+273...Chapter 1, Problem 1.38PChapter 1, Problem 1.39PChapter 1, Problem 1.66PCm3 means cubic centi-meter measures the volume of any object.Chapter 1, Problem 1.111PAccording to Democritus’s atomic theory, all matter is made up of very small particles and he called...
It contains similar atoms. So, from the definition; the substance having a similar atom is called an...Americium was the element that was named after the name of America, having the chemical symbol am.Chapter 2, Problem 2.20PIsotopes have same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Mass number is the sum of...The metallic property is related to the tendency to lose electrons. Lower the ionization potential...Electrons might be promoted only to the higher energy orbitals of certain fixed energy values; the...The atomic number of carbon is 6, and the atomic mass is 12. The atomic number (Z) = equal to the...Different symbols are given to different elements in the periodic table to identify the particular...Electrons are distributed in the orbitals of the subshell. The specific region of space in which the...Chapter 3, Problem 3.17PChapter 3, Problem 3.18PChapter 3, Problem 3.21PChapter 3, Problem 3.23PChapter 3, Problem 3.24PChapter 3, Problem 3.38PChapter 3, Problem 3.47PIn the given ionic compound, Na is formula for sodium which is cation and F is formula of fluorine...The electronegativity difference between the atoms determine that whether the bond formed will be...Total number valence electrons in NH3 will be sum of valence electrons in n and 3 times the number...Electronegativity of bromine is 2.96. There are two bromine atoms in the molecule so the...All trace elements are present in various forms. These forms when administered into body release the...Chapter 4, Problem 4.17PChapter 4, Problem 4.29PChapter 4, Problem 4.31PThe statement- Formula weight is the mass of a compound expressed in grams is false. Formula mass is...Chapter 4, Problem 4.42PChapter 4, Problem 4.43PChapter 4, Problem 4.54PChapter 4, Problem 4.102PChapter 4, Problem 4.103PGiven information: The barometric pressure of 29.5 inches of mercury. Given barometric pressure of...Chapter 5, Problem 5.16PGiven information: Given the below table. V1 T1 P1 V2 T2 P2 546l 43∘C 6.5atm 65∘C 1.9atm 43mL −56∘C...Given Information: Given the below table. V1 T1 P1 V2 T2 P2 6.35L 10∘C 0.75atm 0∘C 1.0atm 75.6L 0∘C...Given information: Avogadro’s law states that equal volume of gas at the same temperature and...The given gas is SO2 . The molar mass of the gas is 64.066 g/mol. The pressure and temperature at...From the force of attraction between particles, London dispersion forces are the weakest and...The ideal gas is equal and holds for all ideal gases at any temperature, pressure and volume. An...Chapter 5, Problem 5.114PChapter 5, Problem 5.118PDecommission of solid Ammonium Nitrate generates gaseous dinitrogen oxide along with the water...Chapter 6, Problem 6.15PGiven Information: V=500.0 mLC=5.32 %w/w. The concentration is shown as w/w meaning this is mass...Chapter 6, Problem 6.35PGiven Information: V=250.0 mLC=3.6%w/v Concentration has several ways to be calculated. It...Given: The properties that make water a good solvent are its polarity and its capacity for hydrogen...Chapter 6, Problem 6.67PGiven Information: KF=-1.86°C/mOlalm=25.0g MgCl2m=1000g=1kgMM=95.211g/mOl The depression in freezing...The equation should be balanced first, Ca(s)+HBr(aq)→CaBr2(aq)+H2(g) To balance the number of...Chapter 6, Problem 6.111PChapter 7, Problem 7.10P2H2O2(g)◰ 2H2O(g)+O2(g) In this reversible reaction products are H2O(g) and O2(g). Reactant is...Chapter 7, Problem 7.26PThe equilibrium reaction representing the ionization of weak acid, CH3COOH is,...Chapter 7, Problem 7.64PThe given equilibrium reaction representing the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to...Chapter 8, Problem 8.13PChapter 8, Problem 8.18PChapter 8, Problem 8.38PChapter 8, Problem 8.41PThe acid ionization constant, Ka, is the equilibrium constant for acid’s ionization. For the...Chapter 8, Problem 8.101PChapter 8, Problem 8.107PChapter 8, Problem 8.112PThe pressure, volume, moles and temperature of a gas are related to each other according to an...Chapter 8, Problem 8.116PpH can be defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration or hydronium ion...Chapter 9, Problem 9.8PThe wavelength will be calculated as λ = cυ Putting the values, λ = 3 × 1087.5 × 1014 Thus, λ = 4 ×...The given statement is true because out of 300 naturally occurring isotopes, there are 264 isotopes...Beryllium-10- 10Be is an isotope of beryllium contains 4 protons and six neutrons. This isotope of...The sum of protons on reactant side 8 + 8 = 16 The total mass number on reactant side = 16 + 16 = 32...Table-9.5 contains the lists of some radioactive isotopes which are used in medical imaging. As per...A radioactive element may undergo radioactive decay by loss of an elementary particle such as an...The carbon can form strong bonds with other atoms in an organic compound. The organic compounds are...The structure of any atom is prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for...The structure of any atom is prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for...The structure of any atom of prepared with the help of Lewis model which explains guideline for...Chapter 10, Problem 10.37PPolar covalent bonds contains more atoms with high electronegativity and acquire more partial...Chapter 11, Problem 11.10PThe given structure contains 5 carbon and thus named as pentane with methyl group attached as...The line angle formula for 2,2,4-trimethylhexane.The compound containing longest parent chain of carbon having high boiling point due to the...Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated...The longest chain for the given skeleton has 5 carbons therefore the root name prop- is used here....As per general rules of IUPAC nomenclature rules, first to find out the longest carbon chain which...Chapter 12, Problem 12.23PChapter 12, Problem 12.27PAlkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds. The combustion reaction takes...Chapter 12, Problem 12.42PChapter 13, Problem 13.2PIn the given structure there are two substituents. Those are nitro and chloro. Out of them, nitro...Chapter 13, Problem 13.25PMolecular weight of TNT (C7H5N3O6): Atomic weight of total number of carbon atoms = 12.0 × 7 = 84.0...Chapter 14, Problem 14.8PAlcohols are organic compounds containing -OH group. It undergoes in the presence of acid to form an...The reactions which are involved to synthesize each molecule are shown in the below diagram: The...Chapter 15, Problem 15.7PSince alkanes consist of only carbon and hydrogen, the lowest molecular weight alkane can have four...Chapter 15, Problem 15.21PChapter 15, Problem 15.44PChapter 16, Problem 16.6PThe general formula of amines is R−NH2. They have nitrogen in their formula. Nitrogen has a lone...The molecular formula C7 H9 N is 20 on the aromatic amine compound. Hence it has six-membered ring...Chapter 17, Problem 17.9PChapter 17, Problem 17.19PChapter 17, Problem 17.30PBoth aldehydes and ketones contain (C=O) i.e., carbonyl group. Except formaldehyde, in all aldehydes...Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols and ketones are reduced in secondary alcohols. The most...Reaction of the aldehyde group and the hydroxyl group forms a six-membered cyclic hemiacetal....Chapter 17, Problem 17.73PTestosterone and methandrostenolone both the hormones contain one −OH group attached to cyclopentane...Chapter 18, Problem 18.4PGiven Information: pKa = 5.0. pH = 2.0. Calculation: From pH of solution, concentration of hydroxide...The reaction of C6 H5 -CH2 -COOH with sodium carbonate forms sodium salt of C6 H5 -CH2 -COOH with...We know that CO3-2 is carbonate ion. When two O atoms of this ion are bonded with methyl group it...The aspartame is a chiral compound. The structure of aspartame which contains chiral carbon atoms is...The structure of the molecule is as follows: From the structure, the molecular formula of the...Carbohydrates means hydrate of carbon, they have the general formula Cm(H2O)n (m and n can be same...Chapter 21, Problem 21.2PChapter 22, Problem 22.5PIn the given Lewis structure of CO the octet of O atom is complete but the octet of carbon atom is...Chapter 23, Problem 23.1PChapter 24, Problem 24.2PChapter 25, Problem 25.2PChapter 26, Problem 26.5PA catabolic pathway is a part of the metabolic process. In the catabolic pathway, the breakdown of...Chapter 28, Problem 28.2PA biochemical process due to which an organism lives, adapt, heat and reproduce is known as...Chapter 30, Problem 30.1PChapter 31, Problem 31.1P
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