Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
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Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound should be written.

Concept Introduction:

For benzene derivatives the major functional group gets priority and the other functional groups become substituents.

The name of the given compound is 4-Chloronitrobenzene.

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  1

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are nitro and chloro. Out of them, nitro gets priority over chloro and thus the name is 4-chloronitrobenzene as the chloro is at C4 position with respect to nitro group. The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between chloro and nitro functional group the later has three electronegative atoms namely two oxygen and one nitrogen unlike in chloro where there is one electronegative atom which is chlorine. Thus the name of the given compound is 4-chloronitrobenzene.

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Explanation of Solution

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  2

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are nitro and chloro. Out of them, nitro gets priority over chloro and thus the name is 4-chloronitrobenzene as the chloro is at C4 position with respect to nitro group. The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between chloro and nitro functional group the later has three electronegative atoms namely two oxygen and one nitrogen unlike in chloro where there is one electronegative atom which is chlorine. Thus the name of the given compound is 4-chloronitrobenzene.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound must be written.

Concept Introduction:

For benzene derivatives the major functional group gets priority and the other functional groups become substituents.

The name of the given compound is 2-bromotoluene.

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  3

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are methyl and bromo. Out of them methyl gets priority over bromo and thus the name is 2-bromotoluene as the bromo is at C2 position with respect to methyl group. Methylbenzene is known as toluene.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between methyl and bromo, bromo is the substituent as all the haloalkanes are named as substituted alkane.

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Explanation of Solution

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  4

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are methyl and bromo. Out of them methyl gets priority over bromo and thus the name is 2-bromotoluene as the bromo is at C2 position with respect to methyl group. Methylbenzene is known as toluene.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between methyl and bromo, bromo is the substituent as all the haloalkanes are named as substituted alkane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound must be written.

Concept Introduction:

For benzene derivatives the major functional group gets priority and the other functional groups become substituents.

The name of the given compound is 1-chloro-3-phenylpropane.

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  5

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are chloro and phenyl at position 1&3 respectively. Out of them chloro gets priority over phenyl and thus the name is 1-chloro-3-phenylpropane.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between chloro and phenyl chloro gets priority over phenyl due to alphabetical order and both of chloro and phenyl are the substituents. All the haloalkanes are named as substituted alkanes.

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Explanation of Solution

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  6

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are chloro and phenyl at position 1&3 respectively. Out of them chloro gets priority over phenyl and thus the name is 1-chloro-3-phenylpropane.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between chloro and phenyl chloro gets priority over phenyl due to alphabetical order and both of chloro and phenyl are the substituents. All the haloalkanes are named as substituted alkanes.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound must be written.

Concept Introduction:

For benzene derivatives the major functional group gets priority and the other functional groups become substituents.

The name of the given compound is 2-bromo-2-phenylbutane.

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  7

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are bromo and phenyl at position 2. Out of them bromo gets priority over phenyl and thus the name is 2-bromo-2-phenylbutane.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between bromo and phenyl bromo gets priority over phenyl due to alphabetical order and both of bromo and phenyl are the substituents. All the haloalkanes are named as substituted alkanes.

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Explanation of Solution

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  8

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are bromo and phenyl at position 2. Out of them bromo gets priority over phenyl and thus the name is 2-bromo-2-phenylbutane.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between bromo and phenyl bromo gets priority over phenyl due to alphabetical order and both of bromo and phenyl are the substituents. All the haloalkanes are named as substituted alkanes.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound must be written.

Concept Introduction:

For benzene derivatives the major functional group gets priority and the other functional groups become substituents.

The name of the given compound is 2-nitroaniline.

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  9

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are nitro and amino at position 2. Out of them amino gets priority over nitro and thus the name is 2-nitroaniline where aniline is aminobenzene. Out of nitro and amine, amine gets priority over nitro due to alphabetical order. Now aminobenzene is known as aniline which acts as main functional group and nitro is the substituent. Thus the name of the given compound is 2-nitroaniline.

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Explanation of Solution

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  10

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are nitro and amino at position 2. Out of them amino gets priority over nitro and thus the name is 2-nitroaniline where aniline is aminobenzene. Out of nitro and amine, amine gets priority over nitro due to alphabetical order. Now aminobenzene is known as aniline which acts as main functional group and nitro is the substituent. Thus the name of the given compound is 2-nitroaniline.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound must be written.

Concept Introduction:

For benzene derivatives the major functional group gets priority and the other functional groups become substituents.

The name of the given compound is 2-phenylphenol.

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  11

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are hydroxyl and phenyl at position 2. Out of them hydroxyl gets priority over phenyl and thus the name is 2-phenylphenol where phenol is hydroxybenzene.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group.

Phenyl is an aryl substituent where as phenolic hydroxyl group is a functional group. Thus hydroxybenzene is the functional group with phenyl as substituent. Thus the name is 2-phenylphenol.

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Explanation of Solution

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  12

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are hydroxyl and phenyl at position 2. Out of them hydroxyl gets priority over phenyl and thus the name is 2-phenylphenol where phenol is hydroxybenzene.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group.

Phenyl is an aryl substituent where as phenolic hydroxyl group is a functional group. Thus hydroxybenzene is the functional group with phenyl as substituent. Thus the name is 2-phenylphenol.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound must be written.

Concept Introduction:

For benzene derivatives the major functional group gets priority and the other functional groups become substituents.

The name of the given compound is trans stilbene.

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  13

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are phenyl at position 1&2 in the ethylenic system. The two phenyl groups are diagonal i.e at trans position.

Thus the name is trans stilbene.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group.

Alkene functional group gets priority over phenyl substituents and thus name is trans stilbene.

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Explanation of Solution

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  14

In the given structure there are two substituents. Those are phenyl at position 1&2 in the ethylenic system. The two phenyl groups are diagonal i.e at trans position.

Thus the name is trans stilbene.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group.

Alkene functional group gets priority over phenyl substituents and thus name is trans stilbene.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The name of the given compound must be written.

Concept Introduction:

For benzene derivatives the major functional group gets priority and the other functional groups become substituents.

The name of the given compound is 2, 4-dichlorotoluene.

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  15

In the given structure there are two chloro substituents with respect to methyl group. Those are at position 2&4. Methylbenzene is known as toluene.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between chloro and methyl chloro gets priority over methyl due to alphabetical order. All the haloalkanes are named as substituted alkanes. Thus the name is2, 4-dichlorotoluene.

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

   Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.14P , additional homework tip  16

In the given structure there are two chloro substituents with respect to methyl group. Those are at position 2&4. Methylbenzene is known as toluene.

The priority order of different functional groups as per IUPAC nomenclature comes from the consideration of number of electronegative atoms in the functional group. More the number of electronegative atoms more are the priority of the functional group. Between chloro and methyl chloro gets priority over methyl due to alphabetical order. All the haloalkanes are named as substituted alkanes. Thus the name is2, 4-dichlorotoluene.

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Chapter 13 Solutions

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

Ch. 13 - 13-11 Explain why the compound 1,4-dichlorobenzene...Ch. 13 - 13-12 One analogy often used to explain the...Ch. 13 - 13-13 Answer true or false. A phenyl group has the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.14PCh. 13 - 13-15 Draw structural formulas for these compounds...Ch. 13 - 13-16 We say that naphthalene, anthracene,...Ch. 13 - 13-17 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 13 - 13-18 Answer true or false. Benzene does not...Ch. 13 - 13-19 Suppose you have unlabeled bottles of...Ch. 13 - 13-20 Three products with the molecular formula...Ch. 13 - 13-21 The reaction of bromine with toluene in the...Ch. 13 - 13-22 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary...Ch. 13 - 13-23 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.24PCh. 13 - 13-25 Answer true or false. (a) Phenols and...Ch. 13 - 13-26 Both phenol and cyclohexanol are only...Ch. 13 - 13-27 Define autoxidation.Ch. 13 - 13*28 Autoxidation is described as a radical-chain...Ch. 13 - 13-29 Show that if you add Steps 2a and 2b of the...Ch. 13 - 13-30 How does vitamin E function as an...Ch. 13 - 13-31 What structural features are common to...Ch. 13 - 13*32 Black-and-white photography is a commercial...Ch. 13 - 13-33 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 13 - 13-34 (Chemical Connections 13A) From what parts...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.35PCh. 13 - 13-36 (Chemical Connections 13A, Would you expect...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.37PCh. 13 - 13-38 (Chemical Connections 13A) What is meant by...Ch. 13 - 13-39 (Chemical Connections 13B) What is a...Ch. 13 - 13-40 (Chemical Connections 130 In the absence of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.41PCh. 13 - 13-42 (Chemical Connections 13E) What are the...Ch. 13 - 13-43 (Chemical Connections 13E) Which features of...Ch. 13 - 13-44 (Chemical Connections 13E) What color would...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.45PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.46PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.47PCh. 13 - 13-48 (Chemical Connections 13F, How many...Ch. 13 - 13-49 (Chemical Connections 13F) In what ways is...Ch. 13 - 13*50 The structure for naphthalene given in...Ch. 13 - 13-51 Draw structural formulas for these...Ch. 13 - 13-52 2,6-Di-/ezY-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT,...Ch. 13 - 13-53 Write the structural formula for the product...Ch. 13 - 13-54 Styrene reacts with bromine to give a...Ch. 13 - 13-55 When toluene is treated with Br, in the...Ch. 13 - 13-56 Four alternatives to the structure of...Ch. 13 - 13-57 Benzene, as we have seen in this chapter, is...
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