Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 13.10P
13-10 Account for the fact that the six-membered ring in benzene is planar but the six-membered ring in cyclohexane is not.
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Compounds with two carbonyl groups are named as alkane diones, for example:
R
2,3-butanedione
The compound above is an artificial flavor added to microwave popcorn and movie-theater popcorn to simulate the butter flavor.
Interestingly, this very same compound is also known to contribute to body odor. Name the following compounds:
cyclohexane-1,3-dione
cycloheptane-1,4-dione
gily
nonane-2,8-dione
Draw the skeletal (bond-line) structures of all isomers of C4H8O (including configurational isomers) that contain an alkene and an ether. There should be 5 structures.
The most reactive among the other hydrocarbons.
O Alkynes
O Alkenes
Alkanes
Arenes
These compounds are completely conjugated ring
aromatic if they are planar and have 4n + 2 pi electrons.
rger than benzene are also
pyridine
annulene
рyrrole
anthracene
This type of hydrocarbons contain only single bonds and are sp3 hybridized.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
O Saturated hydrocarbons
O Polyunsaturated hydrocarbons
Supersaturated hydrocarbons
Chapter 13 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.1PCh. 13 - Answer true or false. Alkenes, alkynes, and arenes...Ch. 13 - 13-3 What is the difference in structure between a...Ch. 13 - 13-4 Define aromatic compound.Ch. 13 - 13-5 Why are alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic...Ch. 13 - 13-B Do aromatic rings have double bonds? Are they...Ch. 13 - 13-7 Can an aromatic compound be a saturated...Ch. 13 - Draw at least two structural formulas for each of...Ch. 13 - 13-9 Write a structural formula and the name for...Ch. 13 - 13-10 Account for the fact that the six-membered...
Ch. 13 - 13-11 Explain why the compound 1,4-dichlorobenzene...Ch. 13 - 13-12 One analogy often used to explain the...Ch. 13 - 13-13 Answer true or false. A phenyl group has the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.14PCh. 13 - 13-15 Draw structural formulas for these compounds...Ch. 13 - 13-16 We say that naphthalene, anthracene,...Ch. 13 - 13-17 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 13 - 13-18 Answer true or false. Benzene does not...Ch. 13 - 13-19 Suppose you have unlabeled bottles of...Ch. 13 - 13-20 Three products with the molecular formula...Ch. 13 - 13-21 The reaction of bromine with toluene in the...Ch. 13 - 13-22 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary...Ch. 13 - 13-23 What reagents and/or catalysts are necessary...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.24PCh. 13 - 13-25 Answer true or false. (a) Phenols and...Ch. 13 - 13-26 Both phenol and cyclohexanol are only...Ch. 13 - 13-27 Define autoxidation.Ch. 13 - 13*28 Autoxidation is described as a radical-chain...Ch. 13 - 13-29 Show that if you add Steps 2a and 2b of the...Ch. 13 - 13-30 How does vitamin E function as an...Ch. 13 - 13-31 What structural features are common to...Ch. 13 - 13*32 Black-and-white photography is a commercial...Ch. 13 - 13-33 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 13 - 13-34 (Chemical Connections 13A) From what parts...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.35PCh. 13 - 13-36 (Chemical Connections 13A, Would you expect...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.37PCh. 13 - 13-38 (Chemical Connections 13A) What is meant by...Ch. 13 - 13-39 (Chemical Connections 13B) What is a...Ch. 13 - 13-40 (Chemical Connections 130 In the absence of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.41PCh. 13 - 13-42 (Chemical Connections 13E) What are the...Ch. 13 - 13-43 (Chemical Connections 13E) Which features of...Ch. 13 - 13-44 (Chemical Connections 13E) What color would...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.45PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.46PCh. 13 - Prob. 13.47PCh. 13 - 13-48 (Chemical Connections 13F, How many...Ch. 13 - 13-49 (Chemical Connections 13F) In what ways is...Ch. 13 - 13*50 The structure for naphthalene given in...Ch. 13 - 13-51 Draw structural formulas for these...Ch. 13 - 13-52 2,6-Di-/ezY-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT,...Ch. 13 - 13-53 Write the structural formula for the product...Ch. 13 - 13-54 Styrene reacts with bromine to give a...Ch. 13 - 13-55 When toluene is treated with Br, in the...Ch. 13 - 13-56 Four alternatives to the structure of...Ch. 13 - 13-57 Benzene, as we have seen in this chapter, is...
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- 11-12 Why is it not accurate to describe an unbranchedalkane as a “straight-chain” hydrocarbon?arrow_forward13-3 What is the difference in structure between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?arrow_forwardDodecane, C12H26, is an unbranched alkane Predict the following: Will it dissolve in water? Will it dissolve in hexane? Will it burn when ignited? Is it a liquid, solid, or gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure? Is it more or less dense than water?arrow_forward
- Which unbranched alkane (Table 11-4) has about the same boiling point as water? Calculate the molecular weight of this alkane and compare it with the molecular weight of water.arrow_forward11-34 What structural feature of cycloalkanes makes cis- trans isomerism in them possible?arrow_forward/3-Ocimene, a triene found in the fragrance of cotton blossoms and several essential oils, has the 1UPAC name czs-3,7-dimethyl-l,3,6-octatriene. (Cis refers to the configuration of the double bond between carbons 3 and 4, the only double bond in this molecule about which cis-trans isomerism is possible.) Draw a structural formula for /3-ocimene.arrow_forward
- 11-62(Chemical Connections 11C) What are Freons? Why were they considered ideal compounds to use as heat-transfer agents in refrigeration systems? Give structural formulas of two Freons used for this purpose.arrow_forwardAs stated in Section 11-9, the wax found in apple skins is an unbranched alkane with the molecular formula C^H^. Explain how the presence of this alkane in apple skins prevents the loss of moisture from within the apple.arrow_forwardThe heat of combustion of methane, a component of natural gas, is 212 kcal/mol. That of propane, a component of LP gas, is 530 kcal/mol. On a gram- for-gram basis, which hydrocarbon is the better source of heat energy?arrow_forward
- 11-13 What is meant by the term line-angle formula as applied to alkanes and cycloalkanes?arrow_forward11-58 (Chemical Connections 11A) How many rings in te trodotoxin contain only carbon atoms? How many contain nitrogen atoms? How many contain two oxygen atoms?arrow_forwardDraw a structural formula for an alkene with the indicated molecular formula that gives the compound shown as the major product. Note that more than one alkene may give the same compound as the major product. CHa | C5Hw + H,O CH3CCH2CH3 OH CHa I C5H10 + Br2 » CH3CHCHCH, Br Br 7H12 + HC1 oearrow_forward
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