(a) Interpretation: If the given statement is true or false should be determined. Concept Introduction: Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons . They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement istrue.

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds. The combustion reaction takes place in the presence of air. The combustion of alkenes produces carbon dioxide and water.

Hence, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition reaction of alkenes is one double bond of alkene and one single bond of a second reactant break, and three new single bonds are formed such that the addition of the second reactant occurs at the carbon atoms of the double bond. Hence, the two new single bonds are formed at the doubly bonded carbon atoms. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Regioselectivity means the preference of making or breaking of bonds over all other possibilities. Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of a halogen acid to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in a double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, it indicates the position of the attack. Hence, Markovnikov's rule refers to the regioselectivity of the carbon-carbon double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Markovnikov's rule states that addition of a halogen acid (HX, x = Cl, Br or I) to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in the double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. In additionof HCI, HBr, and HI to an alkene, hydrogen attaches to the carbon of the double bond that already has a greater number of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

A carbocation is a carbon atom with three bonds and is deficient in one pair of the electrons, thus, acquiring a positive charge. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The carbocation is derived from ethylene by the attack of a proton as depicted in the equation is CH₃ CH₂ +.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 1

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The mechanism of the addition of HX to an alkene is a two-step reaction.

Step 1: The formation of the carbocation. In the first step of the reaction, the proton is added to the double bond, and the carbocation is generated as carbocation intermediate.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 2

Step 2: The Nucleophilic attack. Then, a halide ion which is a nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an additional product.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 3

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of water is known as hydration. According to Markovnikov's rule, in acid, the catalyzed addition of water to an alkene water molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, in the presence of acid, the alkene is converted to alcohol. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of Br₂ to a carbon-carbon double bond takes place at room temperature. Thus, if a compound fails to react with Br₂, then the compound does not contain a double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of H₂ is known as reduction. During a reaction with molecular H₂, all of the alkenes, are converted to alkanes. Hence, hydrogen is added to the double bond of an alkene. Thus, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Catalytic reduction is the process in which a substance is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The catalytic reduction of cyclohexene is the addition of H₂ across the double bond that is present in the cyclic ring. The resultant product is cyclohexane, not hexane. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

The acid catalyzed hydration of alkene is completed in three steps. The first step includes the addition of a proton (from acid) to the double bond that results in the formation of a carbocation, and hydrogen attaches to one of the doubly bonded carbons. In the second step, an oxygen atom of a water molecule attacks the positively charged carbon, and the water molecule attaches to it, forming an intermediate called an oxonium ion. In the third step, the proton is regenerated again by losing H+ from the oxonium ion, Therefore, in the final product, OH comes from a water molecule, while H comes from the acid used as a catalyst. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Oxidation is characterized as a gain in oxygen or a loss of hydrogen or a molecule. The alkene on the acid-catalyzed hydration is converted into alcohol. Thus, the conversion of CH2 = CH2 to ethanol is an addition reaction in which a molecule of water is added to the double bond. Thus, there is neither a loss of hydrogen nor a gain of oxygen. Hence, this is an addition reaction and not an oxidation reaction, so, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(n)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

According to Markovnikov's rule, in the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene, water is added to the double bond of alkene such that the addition of the H and OH groups occur. Furthermore, it says that H is added to the carbon with more of the hydrogen atoms. The acid catalyzed hydration of 1-butene and 2-butene both result in the formation of 2-butanol. Hence the given statement is false.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement istrue.

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds. The combustion reaction takes place in the presence of air. The combustion of alkenes produces carbon dioxide and water.

Hence, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition reaction of alkenes is one double bond of alkene and one single bond of a second reactant break, and three new single bonds are formed such that the addition of the second reactant occurs at the carbon atoms of the double bond. Hence, the two new single bonds are formed at the doubly bonded carbon atoms. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Regioselectivity means the preference of making or breaking of bonds over all other possibilities. Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of a halogen acid to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in a double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, it indicates the position of the attack. Hence, Markovnikov's rule refers to the regioselectivity of the carbon-carbon double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Markovnikov's rule states that addition of a halogen acid (HX, x = Cl, Br or I) to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in the double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. In additionof HCI, HBr, and HI to an alkene, hydrogen attaches to the carbon of the double bond that already has a greater number of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

A carbocation is a carbon atom with three bonds and is deficient in one pair of the electrons, thus, acquiring a positive charge. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The carbocation is derived from ethylene by the attack of a proton as depicted in the equation is CH₃ CH₂ +.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 1

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The mechanism of the addition of HX to an alkene is a two-step reaction.

Step 1: The formation of the carbocation. In the first step of the reaction, the proton is added to the double bond, and the carbocation is generated as carbocation intermediate.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 2

Step 2: The Nucleophilic attack. Then, a halide ion which is a nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an additional product.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 3

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of water is known as hydration. According to Markovnikov's rule, in acid, the catalyzed addition of water to an alkene water molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, in the presence of acid, the alkene is converted to alcohol. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of Br₂ to a carbon-carbon double bond takes place at room temperature. Thus, if a compound fails to react with Br₂, then the compound does not contain a double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of H₂ is known as reduction. During a reaction with molecular H₂, all of the alkenes, are converted to alkanes. Hence, hydrogen is added to the double bond of an alkene. Thus, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Catalytic reduction is the process in which a substance is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The catalytic reduction of cyclohexene is the addition of H₂ across the double bond that is present in the cyclic ring. The resultant product is cyclohexane, not hexane. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

The acid catalyzed hydration of alkene is completed in three steps. The first step includes the addition of a proton (from acid) to the double bond that results in the formation of a carbocation, and hydrogen attaches to one of the doubly bonded carbons. In the second step, an oxygen atom of a water molecule attacks the positively charged carbon, and the water molecule attaches to it, forming an intermediate called an oxonium ion. In the third step, the proton is regenerated again by losing H+ from the oxonium ion, Therefore, in the final product, OH comes from a water molecule, while H comes from the acid used as a catalyst. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Oxidation is characterized as a gain in oxygen or a loss of hydrogen or a molecule. The alkene on the acid-catalyzed hydration is converted into alcohol. Thus, the conversion of CH2 = CH2 to ethanol is an addition reaction in which a molecule of water is added to the double bond. Thus, there is neither a loss of hydrogen nor a gain of oxygen. Hence, this is an addition reaction and not an oxidation reaction, so, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(n)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

According to Markovnikov's rule, in the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene, water is added to the double bond of alkene such that the addition of the H and OH groups occur. Furthermore, it says that H is added to the carbon with more of the hydrogen atoms. The acid catalyzed hydration of 1-butene and 2-butene both result in the formation of 2-butanol. Hence the given statement is false.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement istrue.

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds. The combustion reaction takes place in the presence of air. The combustion of alkenes produces carbon dioxide and water.

Hence, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition reaction of alkenes is one double bond of alkene and one single bond of a second reactant break, and three new single bonds are formed such that the addition of the second reactant occurs at the carbon atoms of the double bond. Hence, the two new single bonds are formed at the doubly bonded carbon atoms. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Regioselectivity means the preference of making or breaking of bonds over all other possibilities. Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of a halogen acid to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in a double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, it indicates the position of the attack. Hence, Markovnikov's rule refers to the regioselectivity of the carbon-carbon double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Markovnikov's rule states that addition of a halogen acid (HX, x = Cl, Br or I) to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in the double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. In additionof HCI, HBr, and HI to an alkene, hydrogen attaches to the carbon of the double bond that already has a greater number of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

A carbocation is a carbon atom with three bonds and is deficient in one pair of the electrons, thus, acquiring a positive charge. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The carbocation is derived from ethylene by the attack of a proton as depicted in the equation is CH₃ CH₂ +.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 1

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The mechanism of the addition of HX to an alkene is a two-step reaction.

Step 1: The formation of the carbocation. In the first step of the reaction, the proton is added to the double bond, and the carbocation is generated as carbocation intermediate.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 2

Step 2: The Nucleophilic attack. Then, a halide ion which is a nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an additional product.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 3

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of water is known as hydration. According to Markovnikov's rule, in acid, the catalyzed addition of water to an alkene water molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, in the presence of acid, the alkene is converted to alcohol. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of Br₂ to a carbon-carbon double bond takes place at room temperature. Thus, if a compound fails to react with Br₂, then the compound does not contain a double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of H₂ is known as reduction. During a reaction with molecular H₂, all of the alkenes, are converted to alkanes. Hence, hydrogen is added to the double bond of an alkene. Thus, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Catalytic reduction is the process in which a substance is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The catalytic reduction of cyclohexene is the addition of H₂ across the double bond that is present in the cyclic ring. The resultant product is cyclohexane, not hexane. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

The acid catalyzed hydration of alkene is completed in three steps. The first step includes the addition of a proton (from acid) to the double bond that results in the formation of a carbocation, and hydrogen attaches to one of the doubly bonded carbons. In the second step, an oxygen atom of a water molecule attacks the positively charged carbon, and the water molecule attaches to it, forming an intermediate called an oxonium ion. In the third step, the proton is regenerated again by losing H+ from the oxonium ion, Therefore, in the final product, OH comes from a water molecule, while H comes from the acid used as a catalyst. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Oxidation is characterized as a gain in oxygen or a loss of hydrogen or a molecule. The alkene on the acid-catalyzed hydration is converted into alcohol. Thus, the conversion of CH2 = CH2 to ethanol is an addition reaction in which a molecule of water is added to the double bond. Thus, there is neither a loss of hydrogen nor a gain of oxygen. Hence, this is an addition reaction and not an oxidation reaction, so, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(n)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

According to Markovnikov's rule, in the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene, water is added to the double bond of alkene such that the addition of the H and OH groups occur. Furthermore, it says that H is added to the carbon with more of the hydrogen atoms. The acid catalyzed hydration of 1-butene and 2-butene both result in the formation of 2-butanol. Hence the given statement is false.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement istrue.

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds. The combustion reaction takes place in the presence of air. The combustion of alkenes produces carbon dioxide and water.

Hence, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition reaction of alkenes is one double bond of alkene and one single bond of a second reactant break, and three new single bonds are formed such that the addition of the second reactant occurs at the carbon atoms of the double bond. Hence, the two new single bonds are formed at the doubly bonded carbon atoms. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Regioselectivity means the preference of making or breaking of bonds over all other possibilities. Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of a halogen acid to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in a double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, it indicates the position of the attack. Hence, Markovnikov's rule refers to the regioselectivity of the carbon-carbon double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Markovnikov's rule states that addition of a halogen acid (HX, x = Cl, Br or I) to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in the double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. In additionof HCI, HBr, and HI to an alkene, hydrogen attaches to the carbon of the double bond that already has a greater number of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

A carbocation is a carbon atom with three bonds and is deficient in one pair of the electrons, thus, acquiring a positive charge. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The carbocation is derived from ethylene by the attack of a proton as depicted in the equation is CH₃ CH₂ +.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 1

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The mechanism of the addition of HX to an alkene is a two-step reaction.

Step 1: The formation of the carbocation. In the first step of the reaction, the proton is added to the double bond, and the carbocation is generated as carbocation intermediate.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 2

Step 2: The Nucleophilic attack. Then, a halide ion which is a nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an additional product.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 3

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of water is known as hydration. According to Markovnikov's rule, in acid, the catalyzed addition of water to an alkene water molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, in the presence of acid, the alkene is converted to alcohol. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of Br₂ to a carbon-carbon double bond takes place at room temperature. Thus, if a compound fails to react with Br₂, then the compound does not contain a double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of H₂ is known as reduction. During a reaction with molecular H₂, all of the alkenes, are converted to alkanes. Hence, hydrogen is added to the double bond of an alkene. Thus, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Catalytic reduction is the process in which a substance is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The catalytic reduction of cyclohexene is the addition of H₂ across the double bond that is present in the cyclic ring. The resultant product is cyclohexane, not hexane. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

The acid catalyzed hydration of alkene is completed in three steps. The first step includes the addition of a proton (from acid) to the double bond that results in the formation of a carbocation, and hydrogen attaches to one of the doubly bonded carbons. In the second step, an oxygen atom of a water molecule attacks the positively charged carbon, and the water molecule attaches to it, forming an intermediate called an oxonium ion. In the third step, the proton is regenerated again by losing H+ from the oxonium ion, Therefore, in the final product, OH comes from a water molecule, while H comes from the acid used as a catalyst. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Oxidation is characterized as a gain in oxygen or a loss of hydrogen or a molecule. The alkene on the acid-catalyzed hydration is converted into alcohol. Thus, the conversion of CH2 = CH2 to ethanol is an addition reaction in which a molecule of water is added to the double bond. Thus, there is neither a loss of hydrogen nor a gain of oxygen. Hence, this is an addition reaction and not an oxidation reaction, so, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(n)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

According to Markovnikov's rule, in the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene, water is added to the double bond of alkene such that the addition of the H and OH groups occur. Furthermore, it says that H is added to the carbon with more of the hydrogen atoms. The acid catalyzed hydration of 1-butene and 2-butene both result in the formation of 2-butanol. Hence the given statement is false.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement istrue.

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds. The combustion reaction takes place in the presence of air. The combustion of alkenes produces carbon dioxide and water.

Hence, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition reaction of alkenes is one double bond of alkene and one single bond of a second reactant break, and three new single bonds are formed such that the addition of the second reactant occurs at the carbon atoms of the double bond. Hence, the two new single bonds are formed at the doubly bonded carbon atoms. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Regioselectivity means the preference of making or breaking of bonds over all other possibilities. Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of a halogen acid to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in a double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, it indicates the position of the attack. Hence, Markovnikov's rule refers to the regioselectivity of the carbon-carbon double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Markovnikov's rule states that addition of a halogen acid (HX, x = Cl, Br or I) to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in the double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. In additionof HCI, HBr, and HI to an alkene, hydrogen attaches to the carbon of the double bond that already has a greater number of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

A carbocation is a carbon atom with three bonds and is deficient in one pair of the electrons, thus, acquiring a positive charge. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The carbocation is derived from ethylene by the attack of a proton as depicted in the equation is CH₃ CH₂ +.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 1

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The mechanism of the addition of HX to an alkene is a two-step reaction.

Step 1: The formation of the carbocation. In the first step of the reaction, the proton is added to the double bond, and the carbocation is generated as carbocation intermediate.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 2

Step 2: The Nucleophilic attack. Then, a halide ion which is a nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an additional product.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 3

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of water is known as hydration. According to Markovnikov's rule, in acid, the catalyzed addition of water to an alkene water molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, in the presence of acid, the alkene is converted to alcohol. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of Br₂ to a carbon-carbon double bond takes place at room temperature. Thus, if a compound fails to react with Br₂, then the compound does not contain a double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of H₂ is known as reduction. During a reaction with molecular H₂, all of the alkenes, are converted to alkanes. Hence, hydrogen is added to the double bond of an alkene. Thus, the given statement is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Catalytic reduction is the process in which a substance is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The catalytic reduction of cyclohexene is the addition of H₂ across the double bond that is present in the cyclic ring. The resultant product is cyclohexane, not hexane. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

The acid catalyzed hydration of alkene is completed in three steps. The first step includes the addition of a proton (from acid) to the double bond that results in the formation of a carbocation, and hydrogen attaches to one of the doubly bonded carbons. In the second step, an oxygen atom of a water molecule attacks the positively charged carbon, and the water molecule attaches to it, forming an intermediate called an oxonium ion. In the third step, the proton is regenerated again by losing H+ from the oxonium ion, Therefore, in the final product, OH comes from a water molecule, while H comes from the acid used as a catalyst. Thus, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Oxidation is characterized as a gain in oxygen or a loss of hydrogen or a molecule. The alkene on the acid-catalyzed hydration is converted into alcohol. Thus, the conversion of CH2 = CH2 to ethanol is an addition reaction in which a molecule of water is added to the double bond. Thus, there is neither a loss of hydrogen nor a gain of oxygen. Hence, this is an addition reaction and not an oxidation reaction, so, the given statement is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(n)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

According to Markovnikov's rule, in the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene, water is added to the double bond of alkene such that the addition of the H and OH groups occur. Furthermore, it says that H is added to the carbon with more of the hydrogen atoms. The acid catalyzed hydration of 1-butene and 2-butene both result in the formation of 2-butanol. Hence the given statement is false.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement istrue.

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds. The combustion reaction takes place in the presence of air. The combustion of alkenes produces carbon dioxide and water.

Hence, the given statement is true.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement istrue.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds. The combustion reaction takes place in the presence of air. The combustion of alkenes produces carbon dioxide and water.

Hence, the given statement is true.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition reaction of alkenes is one double bond of alkene and one single bond of a second reactant break, and three new single bonds are formed such that the addition of the second reactant occurs at the carbon atoms of the double bond. Hence, the two new single bonds are formed at the doubly bonded carbon atoms. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

The addition reaction of alkenes is one double bond of alkene and one single bond of a second reactant break, and three new single bonds are formed such that the addition of the second reactant occurs at the carbon atoms of the double bond. Hence, the two new single bonds are formed at the doubly bonded carbon atoms. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Regioselectivity means the preference of making or breaking of bonds over all other possibilities. Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of a halogen acid to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in a double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, it indicates the position of the attack. Hence, Markovnikov's rule refers to the regioselectivity of the carbon-carbon double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Regioselectivity means the preference of making or breaking of bonds over all other possibilities. Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of a halogen acid to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in a double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, it indicates the position of the attack. Hence, Markovnikov's rule refers to the regioselectivity of the carbon-carbon double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Markovnikov's rule states that addition of a halogen acid (HX, x = Cl, Br or I) to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in the double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. In additionof HCI, HBr, and HI to an alkene, hydrogen attaches to the carbon of the double bond that already has a greater number of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Markovnikov's rule states that addition of a halogen acid (HX, x = Cl, Br or I) to an alkene, hydrogen goes to the carbon atom in the double bond that bears a higher number of hydrogen atoms. In additionof HCI, HBr, and HI to an alkene, hydrogen attaches to the carbon of the double bond that already has a greater number of hydrogen atoms bonded to it. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 34

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

A carbocation is a carbon atom with three bonds and is deficient in one pair of the electrons, thus, acquiring a positive charge. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Answer 35

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

A carbocation is a carbon atom with three bonds and is deficient in one pair of the electrons, thus, acquiring a positive charge. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Answer 41

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The carbocation is derived from ethylene by the attack of a proton as depicted in the equation is CH₃ CH₂ +.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 1

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 42

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Explanation of Solution

The carbocation is derived from ethylene by the attack of a proton as depicted in the equation is CH₃ CH₂ +.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 1

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 48

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The mechanism of the addition of HX to an alkene is a two-step reaction.

Step 1: The formation of the carbocation. In the first step of the reaction, the proton is added to the double bond, and the carbocation is generated as carbocation intermediate.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 2

Step 2: The Nucleophilic attack. Then, a halide ion which is a nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an additional product.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 3

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 49

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

The mechanism of the addition of HX to an alkene is a two-step reaction.

Step 1: The formation of the carbocation. In the first step of the reaction, the proton is added to the double bond, and the carbocation is generated as carbocation intermediate.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 2

Step 2: The Nucleophilic attack. Then, a halide ion which is a nucleophile attacks the carbocation, forming an additional product.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 12, Problem 12.39P , additional homework tip 3

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 55

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of water is known as hydration. According to Markovnikov's rule, in acid, the catalyzed addition of water to an alkene water molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, in the presence of acid, the alkene is converted to alcohol. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 56

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Explanation of Solution

The addition of water is known as hydration. According to Markovnikov's rule, in acid, the catalyzed addition of water to an alkene water molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond. Furthermore, in the presence of acid, the alkene is converted to alcohol. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 62

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of Br₂ to a carbon-carbon double bond takes place at room temperature. Thus, if a compound fails to react with Br₂, then the compound does not contain a double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 63

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 64

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Answer 65

Expert Solution

Answer 66

Expert Solution

Answer 67

Expert Solution

Answer 68

Explanation of Solution

The addition of Br₂ to a carbon-carbon double bond takes place at room temperature. Thus, if a compound fails to react with Br₂, then the compound does not contain a double bond. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 69

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of H₂ is known as reduction. During a reaction with molecular H₂, all of the alkenes, are converted to alkanes. Hence, hydrogen is added to the double bond of an alkene. Thus, the given statement is true.

Answer 70

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 71

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is true.

Answer 72

Expert Solution

Answer 73

Expert Solution

Answer 74

Expert Solution

Answer 75

Explanation of Solution

The addition of H₂ is known as reduction. During a reaction with molecular H₂, all of the alkenes, are converted to alkanes. Hence, hydrogen is added to the double bond of an alkene. Thus, the given statement is true.

Answer 76

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Catalytic reduction is the process in which a substance is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The catalytic reduction of cyclohexene is the addition of H₂ across the double bond that is present in the cyclic ring. The resultant product is cyclohexane, not hexane. Thus, the given statement is false.

Answer 77

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 78

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Answer 79

Expert Solution

Answer 80

Expert Solution

Answer 81

Expert Solution

Answer 82

Explanation of Solution

Catalytic reduction is the process in which a substance is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The catalytic reduction of cyclohexene is the addition of H₂ across the double bond that is present in the cyclic ring. The resultant product is cyclohexane, not hexane. Thus, the given statement is false.

Answer 83

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

The acid catalyzed hydration of alkene is completed in three steps. The first step includes the addition of a proton (from acid) to the double bond that results in the formation of a carbocation, and hydrogen attaches to one of the doubly bonded carbons. In the second step, an oxygen atom of a water molecule attacks the positively charged carbon, and the water molecule attaches to it, forming an intermediate called an oxonium ion. In the third step, the proton is regenerated again by losing H+ from the oxonium ion, Therefore, in the final product, OH comes from a water molecule, while H comes from the acid used as a catalyst. Thus, the given statement is false.

Answer 84

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 85

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Answer 86

Expert Solution

Answer 87

Expert Solution

Answer 88

Expert Solution

Answer 89

Explanation of Solution

The acid catalyzed hydration of alkene is completed in three steps. The first step includes the addition of a proton (from acid) to the double bond that results in the formation of a carbocation, and hydrogen attaches to one of the doubly bonded carbons. In the second step, an oxygen atom of a water molecule attacks the positively charged carbon, and the water molecule attaches to it, forming an intermediate called an oxonium ion. In the third step, the proton is regenerated again by losing H+ from the oxonium ion, Therefore, in the final product, OH comes from a water molecule, while H comes from the acid used as a catalyst. Thus, the given statement is false.

Answer 90

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Oxidation is characterized as a gain in oxygen or a loss of hydrogen or a molecule. The alkene on the acid-catalyzed hydration is converted into alcohol. Thus, the conversion of CH2 = CH2 to ethanol is an addition reaction in which a molecule of water is added to the double bond. Thus, there is neither a loss of hydrogen nor a gain of oxygen. Hence, this is an addition reaction and not an oxidation reaction, so, the given statement is false.

Answer 91

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 92

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Answer 93

Expert Solution

Answer 94

Expert Solution

Answer 95

Expert Solution

Answer 96

Explanation of Solution

Oxidation is characterized as a gain in oxygen or a loss of hydrogen or a molecule. The alkene on the acid-catalyzed hydration is converted into alcohol. Thus, the conversion of CH2 = CH2 to ethanol is an addition reaction in which a molecule of water is added to the double bond. Thus, there is neither a loss of hydrogen nor a gain of oxygen. Hence, this is an addition reaction and not an oxidation reaction, so, the given statement is false.

Answer 97

Interpretation Introduction

(n)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

According to Markovnikov's rule, in the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene, water is added to the double bond of alkene such that the addition of the H and OH groups occur. Furthermore, it says that H is added to the carbon with more of the hydrogen atoms. The acid catalyzed hydration of 1-butene and 2-butene both result in the formation of 2-butanol. Hence the given statement is false.

Answer 98

Interpretation Introduction

(n)

Interpretation:

The given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes or olefins are the unsaturated hydrocarbons. They are organic compounds with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes. They undergo many characteristic reactions namely Addition reactions, oxidation reactions and combustion reactions.

Answer 99

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.39P

The statement is false.

Answer 100

Expert Solution

Answer 101

Expert Solution

Answer 102

Expert Solution

Answer 103

Explanation of Solution

According to Markovnikov's rule, in the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkene, water is added to the double bond of alkene such that the addition of the H and OH groups occur. Furthermore, it says that H is added to the carbon with more of the hydrogen atoms. The acid catalyzed hydration of 1-butene and 2-butene both result in the formation of 2-butanol. Hence the given statement is false.