(a) Interpretation: If the given statement is true or false should be determined. Concept Introduction: Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions. Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number. Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number. Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number. Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number. These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Question

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Answer 1

Explanation of Solution

When selenium-75 decays by electron capture, a new nuclues formed should contain atomic mass one number less than selenium-75 that is arsenic-75 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 2

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

When iodine-131 decays by beta and gamma emission, the new nucleus formed is xenon-131 ( Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 3 ).Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

During the decay of iodine-131 by beta and gamma emission, the new nucleus formed contains one number more in atomic mass. This new nucleus is Xenon-131 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 4

In internal beam radiation therapy, a radioactive material is implanted into body which is located very near to the tumor cells or tissues. This type of radiation does not make more damage to the surrounding tissues or cells.

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Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base. acids: ☐ 1.8 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a 1.0M NH3 bases: ☐ solution. other: ☐ 0.18 mol of HNO3 is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both NH3 and NH₁Br. acids: bases: ☐ other: ☐ 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ar B 1

Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂ —N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Х Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no atm 00. 18 Ar 무ㅎ ?

Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. 2.2 mol of NaOH is added to 1.0 L of a 1.4M HF solution. acids: П bases: Х other: ☐ ப acids: 0.51 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is bases: 1.3M in both HF and NaF. other: ☐ 00. 18 Ar

Answer 2

Explanation of Solution

In internal beam radiation therapy, a radioactive material is implanted into body which is located very near to the tumor cells or tissues. This type of radiation does not make more damage to the surrounding tissues or cells.

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Answer 3

Explanation of Solution

In internal beam radiation therapy, a radioactive material is implanted into body which is located very near to the tumor cells or tissues. This type of radiation does not make more damage to the surrounding tissues or cells.

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Answer 4

(j)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

In internal beam radiation, a radioactive material is implnated in a target tissue to destroy cells in the target tissue without doing appreciable damage to surrounding normla tissues.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

In internal beam radiation therapy, a radioactive material is implanted into body which is located very near to the tumor cells or tissues. This type of radiation does not make more damage to the surrounding tissues or cells.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

Of the radioisotopes listed in Table-9.5, the majority decay by gamma radiation.Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Table-9.5 contains the lists of some radioactive isotopes which are used in medical imaging. As per the data provided in table, there are maximum numbers of radioactive isotopes that emits gamma radiation.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

Of the radioisotopes listed in Table-9.5, the majority decay by gamma radiation.Thus, the statement is false.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Table-9.5 contains the lists of some radioactive isotopes which are used in medical imaging. As per the data provided in table, there are maximum numbers of radioactive isotopes that emits gamma radiation.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

Isotopes that decay by alpha emission are rarely if ever used in nuclear imaging because alpha emitters are rare.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Table-9.5 with the list of radioactive isotopes used in medical imaging contains no radioactive isotope that emits alpha particles. There are very rare isotopes useful in medical like radium-223 for treatment of cancer.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

Isotopes that decay by alpha emission are rarely if ever used in nuclear imaging because alpha emitters are rare.Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Table-9.5 with the list of radioactive isotopes used in medical imaging contains no radioactive isotope that emits alpha particles. There are very rare isotopes useful in medical like radium-223 for treatment of cancer.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

Gamma emitters are so widely used in medical imaging because gamma radiation is penetrating and, therefore, can easily be measured by radiation detectors outside the body.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Gamma emitter are widely used because of gamma particles had no mass and charge and they can easily penetrate in body.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

Gamma emitters are so widely used in medical imaging because gamma radiation is penetrating and, therefore, can easily be measured by radiation detectors outside the body.Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Gamma emitter are widely used because of gamma particles had no mass and charge and they can easily penetrate in body.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

When selenium-75 deays by electron capture and gamma emission, the new nucleus formed is arsenic-75 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 1 ).Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

When selenium-75 decays by electron capture, a new nuclues formed should contain atomic mass one number less than selenium-75 that is arsenic-75 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

When selenium-75 deays by electron capture and gamma emission, the new nucleus formed is arsenic-75 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 1 ).Thus, the statement is false.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

When selenium-75 decays by electron capture, a new nuclues formed should contain atomic mass one number less than selenium-75 that is arsenic-75 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 34

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

When iodine-131 decays by beta and gamma emission, the new nucleus formed is xenon-131 ( Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 3 ).Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

During the decay of iodine-131 by beta and gamma emission, the new nucleus formed contains one number more in atomic mass. This new nucleus is Xenon-131 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 4

Answer 35

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

When iodine-131 decays by beta and gamma emission, the new nucleus formed is xenon-131 ( Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 3 ).Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

During the decay of iodine-131 by beta and gamma emission, the new nucleus formed contains one number more in atomic mass. This new nucleus is Xenon-131 Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 9, Problem 9.50P , additional homework tip 4

Answer 41

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

In positron emission tomography (a PET scan), the detectors counts the numbers of gamma particle emitted by a tagged material and the location within the body where the tagged materail accumulates. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

The radiation contains particles with energy which are emitted by radioactive isotopes. This energy is useful to trace the particle within the body during its medical use. The Positron Tomography Scan contains Positrons which has very short live and they collide with electron and forms gamma rays. PET scanner capture the energy of the particles and it does not count the numbers of positrons.

Answer 42

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

In positron emission tomography (a PET scan), the detectors counts the numbers of gamma particle emitted by a tagged material and the location within the body where the tagged materail accumulates. Thus, the statement is false.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Explanation of Solution

The radiation contains particles with energy which are emitted by radioactive isotopes. This energy is useful to trace the particle within the body during its medical use. The Positron Tomography Scan contains Positrons which has very short live and they collide with electron and forms gamma rays. PET scanner capture the energy of the particles and it does not count the numbers of positrons.

Answer 48

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

The use of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in PET scans of the brain depends on the fact that FDG behaves in the body as does glucose.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The use of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose is as glucose in the body because the six carbons of glucose are replaced by fluorine-18 and it can easily cross the Blood-brain barrier.

Answer 49

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

The use of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in PET scans of the brain depends on the fact that FDG behaves in the body as does glucose.Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

The use of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose is as glucose in the body because the six carbons of glucose are replaced by fluorine-18 and it can easily cross the Blood-brain barrier.

Answer 55

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

A goal of raditaion therapy is to destroy pathological cells and tissues without at the same time damaging normal cells and tissues.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The radiation therapy has a goal to just destroy pathological cells and tissues but inevitably it also damages healthy and normal cells and tissue that surrounds damaged tissues.

Answer 56

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

A goal of raditaion therapy is to destroy pathological cells and tissues without at the same time damaging normal cells and tissues.Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Explanation of Solution

The radiation therapy has a goal to just destroy pathological cells and tissues but inevitably it also damages healthy and normal cells and tissue that surrounds damaged tissues.

Answer 62

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

In external beam radition, radiation from an external source is directed at a tissue from outside the body.Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

In external beam radiation, a high energy beam is used to target the tumor cells from outside the body. It destroys the cells which are available inside the body and not the surface of body.

Answer 63

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 64

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

In external beam radition, radiation from an external source is directed at a tissue from outside the body.Thus, the statement is false.

Answer 65

Expert Solution

Answer 66

Expert Solution

Answer 67

Expert Solution

Answer 68

Explanation of Solution

In external beam radiation, a high energy beam is used to target the tumor cells from outside the body. It destroys the cells which are available inside the body and not the surface of body.

Answer 69

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

In internal beam radiation, a radioactive material is implnated in a target tissue to destroy cells in the target tissue without doing appreciable damage to surrounding normla tissues.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

In internal beam radiation therapy, a radioactive material is implanted into body which is located very near to the tumor cells or tissues. This type of radiation does not make more damage to the surrounding tissues or cells.

Answer 70

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

If the given statement is true or false should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Isotopes which are having balance numbers of protons and neutrons are stable, but the serious imbalance can lead to nuclear reaction. Radioactive isotopes emit alpha, beta, positron, gamma particles due to nuclear reactions.

Alpha emission is an emission of helium nucleus (2 Protons and 2 neutrons) from the elements to stabilize the nucleus. This emission results into decrease by two in atomic number and increase by four in mass number.

Beta emission is an emission of beta particle as electron from nucleus of molecule. This emission results into increase in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Positron emission is an emission in electron with positive charge is emitted by nucleus of molecule. This emission results into decrease by one number in atomic number and no change in mass number.

Gamma radiation is only access energy from nucleus is emitted to stabilize nucleus of molecule. This emission results into no change in mass number and atomic number.

These emitted particles are useful in diagnosis and treatment of diseases as a nuclear medicine. They act as invaluable tool in fieled of science. These nuclear chemistry is utilized in medicla imaging like PET (Positron emission tomography), X-rays, MRI (Magnetic resonance Imaging), CT scan etc.

Answer 71

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 9.50P

In internal beam radiation, a radioactive material is implnated in a target tissue to destroy cells in the target tissue without doing appreciable damage to surrounding normla tissues.Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 72

Expert Solution

Answer 73

Expert Solution

Answer 74

Expert Solution

Answer 75

Explanation of Solution

In internal beam radiation therapy, a radioactive material is implanted into body which is located very near to the tumor cells or tissues. This type of radiation does not make more damage to the surrounding tissues or cells.