Organic Chemistry8th EditionBrown Publisher: CengageISBN: 9781337516402
Organic Chemistry
Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Covalent Bonding And Shapes Of MoleculesChapter 1.1 - Electronic Structure Of AtomsChapter 1.2 - Lewis Model Of BondingChapter 1.3 - Functional GroupsChapter 1.4 - Bond Angles And Shapes Of MoleculesChapter 1.5 - Polar And Nonpolar MoleculesChapter 1.7 - A Combined Valence Bond And Molecular Orbital Theory Approach To Covalent BondingChapter 1.8 - ResonanceChapter 1.9 - Molecular Orbitals For Delocalized SystemsChapter 2 - Alkanes And Cycloalkanes
Chapter 2.2 - Constitutional Isomerism In AlkanesChapter 2.3 - Nomenclature Of Alkanes And The Iupac SystemChapter 2.4 - CycloalkanesChapter 2.5 - Conformations Of Alkanes And CycloalkanesChapter 2.6 - Cis,trans Isomerism In Cycloalkanes And BicycloalkanesChapter 2.7 - Physical Properties Of Alkanes And CycloalkanesChapter 3 - Stereoisomerism And ChiralityChapter 3.2 - StereoisomerismChapter 3.3 - Naming Chiral Centers—the R,s SystemChapter 3.4 - Acyclic Molecules With Two Or More StereocentersChapter 3.5 - Cyclic Molecules With Two Or More Chiral CentersChapter 3.7 - Optical Activity—how Chirality Is Detected In The LaboratoryChapter 3.8 - The Significance Of Chirality In The Biological WorldChapter 4 - Acids And BasesChapter 4.2 - Brønsted-lowry Acids And BasesChapter 4.3 - Acid Dissociation Constants, Pka, And The Relative Strengths Of Acids And BasesChapter 4.4 - The Position Of Equilibrium In Acid-base ReactionsChapter 4.5 - Thermochemistry And Mechanisms Of Acid-base ReactionsChapter 4.6 - Molecular Structure And AcidityChapter 4.7 - Lewis Acids And BasesChapter 5 - Alkenes: Bonding, Nomenclature, And PropertiesChapter 5.1 - Structure Of AlkenesChapter 5.2 - Nomenclature Of AlkenesChapter 6 - Reactions Of AlkenesChapter 6.2 - Organic Reactions Involving Reactive IntermediatesChapter 6.3 - Electrophilic AdditionsChapter 6.4 - Hydroboration-oxidationChapter 6.5 - OxidationChapter 7 - AlkynesChapter 7.2 - Nomenclature Of AlkynesChapter 7.5 - Preparation Of AlkynesChapter 7.7 - Hydration Of Alkynes To Aldehydes And KetonesChapter 7.9 - Organic SynthesisChapter 8 - Haloalkanes, Halogenation, And Radical ReactionsChapter 8.2 - NomenclatureChapter 8.4 - Preparation Of Haloalkanes By Halogenation Of AlkanesChapter 8.5 - Mechanism Of Halogenation Of AlkanesChapter 8.6 - Allylic HalogenationChapter 8.7 - Radical AutoxidationChapter 8.8 - Radical Addition Of Hbr To AlkenesChapter 9 - Nucleophilic Substitution And Β-eliminationChapter 9.1 - Nucleophilic Substitution In HaloalkanesChapter 9.3 - Experimental Evidence For Sn1 And Sn2 MechanismsChapter 9.4 - Analysis Of Several Nucleophilic Substitution ReactionsChapter 9.5 - Β-eliminationChapter 9.7 - Experimental Evidence For E1 And E2 MechanismsChapter 9.9 - Analysis Of Several Competitions Between Substitutions And EliminationsChapter 9.10 - Neighboring Group ParticipationChapter 10 - AlcoholsChapter 10.1 - Structure And Nomenclature Of AlcoholsChapter 10.2 - Physical Properties Of AlcoholsChapter 10.4 - Reaction Of Alcohols With Active MetalsChapter 10.5 - Conversion Of Alcohols To Haloalkanes And SulfonatesChapter 10.6 - Acid-catalyzed Dehydration Of AlcoholsChapter 10.7 - The Pinacol RearrangementChapter 10.8 - Oxidation Of AlcoholsChapter 10.9 - ThiolsChapter 11 - Ethers, Epoxides, And SulfidesChapter 11.2 - Nomenclature Of EthersChapter 11.3 - Physical Properties Of EthersChapter 11.4 - Preparation Of EthersChapter 11.5 - Reactions Of EthersChapter 11.6 - Silyl Ethers As Protecting GroupsChapter 11.8 - Synthesis Of EpoxidesChapter 11.9 - Reactions Of EpoxidesChapter 12 - Infrared SpectroscopyChapter 12.3 - Infrared SpectroscopyChapter 13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyChapter 13.2 - Orientation Of Nuclear Spins In An Applied Magnetic FieldChapter 13.5 - Equivalent HydrogensChapter 13.6 - Signal AreasChapter 13.7 - Chemical ShiftChapter 13.8 - Signal Splitting And The (n + 1) RuleChapter 13.10 - Stereochemistry And TopicityChapter 13.11 - 13c-nmrChapter 14 - Mass SpectrometryChapter 14.2 - Features Of A Mass SpectrumChapter 14.3 - Interpreting Mass SpectraChapter 15 - An Introduction To Organometallic CompoundsChapter 15.1 - Organomagnesium And Organolithium CompoundsChapter 15.2 - Lithium Diorganocopper (gilman) ReagentsChapter 16 - Aldehydes And KetonesChapter 16.1 - Structure And BondingChapter 16.5 - Addition Of Carbon NucleophilesChapter 16.6 - The Wittig ReactionChapter 16.7 - Addition Of Oxygen NucleophilesChapter 16.8 - Addition Of Nitrogen NucleophilesChapter 16.9 - Keto-enol TautomerismChapter 16.10 - OxidationChapter 16.11 - ReductionChapter 17 - Carboxylic AcidsChapter 17.2 - NomenclatureChapter 17.4 - AcidityChapter 17.7 - EsterificationChapter 17.8 - Conversion To Acid ChloridesChapter 17.9 - DecarboxylationChapter 18 - Functional Derivatives Of Carboxylic AcidsChapter 18.1 - Structure And NomenclatureChapter 18.2 - Acidity Of Amides, Imides, And SulfonamidesChapter 18.4 - Reaction With Water: HydrolysisChapter 18.5 - Reaction With AlcoholsChapter 18.6 - Reactions With Ammonia And AminesChapter 18.8 - Interconversion Of Functional DerivativesChapter 18.9 - Reactions With Organometallic CompoundsChapter 18.10 - ReductionChapter 19 - Enolate Anions And EnaminesChapter 19.2 - Aldol ReactionChapter 19.3 - Claisen And Dieckmann CondensationsChapter 19.5 - EnaminesChapter 19.6 - Acetoacetic Ester SynthesisChapter 19.7 - Malonic Ester SynthesisChapter 19.8 - Conjugate Addition To A,b-unsaturated Carbonyl CompoundsChapter 19.9 - Crossed Enolate Reactions Using LdaChapter 20 - Dienes, Conjugated Systems, And Pericyclic ReactionsChapter 20.1 - Stability Of Conjugated DienesChapter 20.2 - Electrophilic Addition To Conjugated DienesChapter 20.3 - Uv-visible SpectroscopyChapter 20.4 - Pericyclic Reaction TheoryChapter 20.5 - The Diels-alder ReactionChapter 20.6 - Sigmatropic ShiftsChapter 21 - Benzene And The Concept Of AromaticityChapter 21.2 - The Concept Of AromaticityChapter 21.3 - NomenclatureChapter 21.4 - PhenolsChapter 21.5 - Reactions At A Benzylic PositionChapter 22 - Reactions Of Benzene And Its DerivativesChapter 22.1 - Electrophilic Aromatic SubstitutionChapter 22.2 - Disubstitution And PolysubstitutionChapter 22.3 - Nucleophilic Aromatic SubstitutionChapter 23 - AminesChapter 23.1 - Structure And ClassificationChapter 23.2 - NomenclatureChapter 23.5 - BasicityChapter 23.6 - Reactions With AcidsChapter 23.7 - PreparationChapter 23.8 - Reaction With Nitrous AcidChapter 23.9 - Hofmann EliminationChapter 23.10 - Cope EliminationChapter 24 - Catalytic Carbon-carbon Bond FormationChapter 24.3 - The Heck ReactionChapter 24.4 - Catalytic Allylic AlkylationChapter 24.5 - Palladium-catalyzed Cross-coupling ReactionsChapter 24.6 - Alkene MetathesisChapter 25 - CarbohydratesChapter 25.1 - MonosaccharidesChapter 25.2 - The Cyclic Structure Of MonosaccharidesChapter 25.3 - Reactions Of MonosaccharidesChapter 25.4 - Disaccharides And OligosaccharidesChapter 26 - LipidsChapter 26.1 - TriglyceridesChapter 26.6 - Fat-soluble VitaminsChapter 27 - Amino Acids And ProteinsChapter 27.1 - Amino AcidsChapter 27.2 - Acid-base Properties Of Amino AcidsChapter 27.3 - Polypeptides And ProteinsChapter 27.4 - Primary Structure Of Polypeptides And ProteinsChapter 27.6 - Three-dimensional Shapes Of Polypeptides And ProteinsChapter 28 - Nucleic AcidsChapter 28.1 - Nucleosides And NucleotidesChapter 28.2 - The Structure Of DnaChapter 28.3 - Ribonucleic AcidsChapter 28.4 - The Genetic CodeChapter 28.5 - Sequencing Nucleic AcidsChapter 29 - Organic Polymer ChemistryChapter 29.2 - Polymer Notation And NomenclatureChapter 29.5 - Step-growth PolymerizationsChapter 29.6 - Chain-growth Polymerizations
Book Details
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY is a student-friendly, cutting edge introduction for chemistry, health, and the biological sciences majors. In the Eighth Edition, award-winning authors build on unified mechanistic themes, focused problem-solving, applied pharmaceutical
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.20PChapter 1, Problem 1.28PChapter 1, Problem 1.31PChapter 1, Problem 1.32PChapter 1, Problem 1.49PChapter 1, Problem 1.57PChapter 2, Problem 2.16PChapter 2, Problem 2.26PChapter 2, Problem 2.27P
Chapter 2, Problem 2.28PChapter 2, Problem 2.29PChapter 2, Problem 2.30PHandedness of the helical coil of telephone cord or spiral binding: When you look at the helical...Chapter 3, Problem 3.20PChapter 3, Problem 3.26PChapter 4, Problem 4.9PChapter 4, Problem 4.17PChapter 4, Problem 4.19PGiven molecule, HOCH2CH2NH2 Increase in pKa value decreases Ka value, which determines acidity of a...Chapter 5, Problem 5.9PIn the marked carbon atom, one s and three p orbital hybridize forming four sp3 orbitals. Atomic...Chapter 5, Problem 5.13P1. There are two possibilities present in attack of proton from acid to the given alkene. 2. First...Chapter 6, Problem 6.17P1. The given product is 3− hexanol. It shows that the initial required alkene should contain 6...Chapter 6, Problem 6.26PThere is one tetrahedral chiral centre (marked with an) and three double bonds that can show...Chapter 7, Problem 7.11PCompound (a): In the given compound, the longest carbon chain (highlighted with bold lines) contains...Given reaction (1): CH3CH2CH3 + F2 → CH3CH2CH2F + HF The reaction is given below: CH3CH2CH3 + F2 →...Chapter 8, Problem 8.29PThe highly alkyl substituted carbocation is more stable. Hence, the most stable carbocation...In the given SN2 reaction, Sodium ethoxide act as a nucleophile and it attacks the terminal carbon...Reactivity of alkyl halide in SN2 reaction is, 1°>2°>3° In the given reaction, primary halide...Given: In SN1, rate determining step is formation of carbocation and order of the substrate that...Chapter 9, Problem 9.28PChapter 9, Problem 9.45PChapter 10, Problem 10.14PChapter 10, Problem 10.15PGiven name: Isopropylalcohol In the given name, the alcohol indicates the presence of –OH group and...Chapter 10, Problem 10.29PChapter 10, Problem 10.35PChapter 11, Problem 11.10PIUPAC name: 2-(1-Methylethoxy)propane Ethers are named by selecting the longest carbon chain as the...Chapter 11, Problem 11.31PChapter 12, Problem 12.5PLet us consider the Aspirin molecule, It is structural formula is C9H8O4 We calculate the IHD as...Chapter 13, Problem 13.17PChapter 13, Problem 13.24PChapter 14, Problem 14.4PChapter 14, Problem 14.6PChapter 14, Problem 14.18PChapter 15, Problem 15.7PThe synthesis of reagent transformation is shown below. The two moles of alkyl halide (A) is reacted...Chapter 15, Problem 15.10PThe given compound is as follows. Let’s given numbering to this compound as follows, The parent...Name of the given compound is 1-Chloro-2-propanone. From the name, we will get the following fact...Chapter 16, Problem 16.18PChapter 16, Problem 16.19PChapter 16, Problem 16.23PChapter 16, Problem 16.29PChapter 17, Problem 17.7PName of the given compound is phenyl acetic acid. From the name, we will get the following facts...Name of the given salt is sodium benzoate. From the name, we will get the following fact about the...Splitting in 1H NMR – n+1, n is the number of adjacent protons. In 1H NMR, For CH3 the chemical...The name of the compound is given below: Dimethyl carbonate From the name, it is clear that two...Chapter 18, Problem 18.13PChapter 18, Problem 18.18PChapter 18, Problem 18.19PThe synthesis of product transformation is shown below. The ethyl benzoate (A) is reacted with...The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn. The aldol reaction yield a...Chapter 20, Problem 20.14PChapter 20, Problem 20.30PChapter 20, Problem 20.40PThe given reaction is: The structural formula for the Diels-Alder adduct can be found using the...Chapter 20, Problem 20.55PChapter 21, Problem 21.8PThe given compound is shown here: No. of double bonds: 5 So, the total number of 2p orbital...Chapter 21, Problem 21.16PIndex of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) calculation, Given molecular formula F is C9H9BrO We calculate...Chapter 21, Problem 21.52PPyridine is a base, so in the presence of acid it will be protonated. For nitration at the 3rd...Given compounds, General trend of compounds reactivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution for a...Given target compound, Step 1: Nitration of benzene ring by the reaction of benzene with nitrating...Given amine is N,N-dimethylaniline. From the name it is clear that, It is a tertiary amine since the...Given compound is, From the structure it is clear that, It is a primary amine The parent name is...Given molecular formula is C7H9N. The compound is secondary amine so the nitrogen of amine group...Given reaction is shown below, According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a...Chapter 23, Problem 23.45PThe given reaction is Mechanism: Step-1: Formation of Heck catalyst: Heck catalyst s formed by the...In the given question the 1st step is, The mechanism as follows, Here NaH acts as base and abstracts...The reaction is given as, The other possibility is,Chapter 24, Problem 24.39PThe terms D and L are used to determine the specific rotation of monosaccharides. The letter D...The D-galactose is an aldohexose molecule. The carbonyl group present in D-galactose is aldehyde...The D-ribose is an aldopentose molecule. The carbonyl group present in D-ribose is aldehyde (-CHO)....Hydrophobic means repelling of water molecules. Hydrophobic molecules are insoluble in water and...Chapter 27, Problem 27.8PThe enethiol is also the enol form which contains Sulphur molecule instead of Oxygen. The enethiol...Given polymer structure, The name of the above polymer is poly(1-butene) because it is formed by the...
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