(a)
Interpretation:
For the given starting material, structural formula for the nitration product has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
If the substituents on benzene carbon are electron rich groups they are known as activating groups. They are ortho- and para- directing groups because these groups when directly bonded to benzene carbon increases the electron density at ortho and para positions. So they direct the incoming electrophile towards ortho and para position in electrophilic substitution reactions.
If the substituents on benzene carbon are electron withdrawing groups they are known as deactivating groups. They are meta-directing groups because these groups when directly bonded to benzene carbon decreases the electron density at ortho and para positions and so the incoming electrophile is directed towards meta position.
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given starting material, structural formula for the nitration product has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Activating and deactivating groups:
If the substituents on benzene carbon are electron rich groups they are known as activating groups. They are ortho- and para- directing groups because these groups when directly bonded to benzene carbon increases the electron density at ortho and para positions. So they direct the incoming electrophile towards ortho and para position in electrophilic substitution reactions.
If the substituents on benzene carbon are electron withdrawing groups they are known as deactivating groups. They are meta-directing groups because these groups when directly bonded to benzene carbon decreases the electron density at ortho and para positions and so the incoming electrophile is directed towards meta position.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Complete the following nucleophilic substitution reactions. In each reaction, show all electron pairs on both the nucleophile and the leaving group.arrow_forwardsingle reaction sequence: a certain ketone undergoes alkylation to give new ketone, when reacted with a base and then an alkylating agent, 1-bromopropane. What is the structure of the final ketone product?arrow_forwardDraw the major organic product of the reaction. Indicate the stereochemistry via wedge‑and‑dash bonds, including explicit HH and DD atoms, at the stereogenic center. Omit byproducts such as salts or methanol.arrow_forward
- Draw the major organic product of the reaction. Indicate the stereochemistry via wedge/dash bonds, including explicit H and D atoms, at the stereogenic center. Omit byproducts such as salts or methanol. Br NaOCH CH OH Harrow_forwardSynthesize the following compounds from the given starting material. You can add on any alkyl/ alkyl halide under or equal to 4 carbons or any necessary inorganic reagent needed (this includes triphenyl phosphine (Ph3P). Please draw all intermediates and reagents necessary to get to the product. b. sobarrow_forwardComplete the following multistep syntheses by showing the major products and the reagents nessesary for each steparrow_forward
- Butanone undergoes a nucleophilic addition with a Grignard reagent made from 1-bromopropane and magnesium metal in THF solution. The alkoxide formed from the nucleophilic addition is then conveted into the final product by the careful addition of dilute acid. Complete the mechanism by following the instructions provided for each step. Step 1. Nucleophilic Addition in THFarrow_forwardWithout using wolff kishner reduction, complete this multistep synthesis with steps, including the reagent used and the products at each step.arrow_forwardDraw the products of the three step reaction sequence shown below. Ignore inorganic byproducts. If the reaction results in a mixture of ortho and para isomers, draw only the para-product.arrow_forward
- 4. Propose an efficient synthetic route (along with intermediates) for the following transformation. Note: Use cyclohexane as the starting point for both cyclohexyl rings in the product.arrow_forwardIn order to make this compound the reaction of a terminal alkyne with a primary halide in the presence of strong base was proposed. Draw the mechanism that leads to the desired product, showing all intermediates and arrows for the formation and breaking of each bond.arrow_forwardKeto-enol tautomerization occurs rapidly and favors the formation of the enol product. Select one: True Falsearrow_forward
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning