Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580350
Author: William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.16P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
N-phenylacetamide is less reactive toward electrophilic
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How do you account for the fact that N-phenylacetamide (acetanilide) is less reactive
toward electrophilic aromatic substitution than is aniline?
-NHCCH,
-NH,
N-Phenylacetamide
(Acetanilide)
Aniline
In the 1880's, Acetanilide, sold under the name Antifebrin, was widely used as a pain reliever and fever reducer. However, it had
many adverse side effects, including cyanosis as a result of methemoglobinemia. The toxic side effects were the result of a small
portion of acetanilide being hydrolyzed to aniline. Acetanilide was discontinued and replaced with phenacetin. Later studies show
that both acetanilide and phenacetin are metabolized to acetaminophen. This metabolite, which we know as Tylenol, is responsible
for the analgesic and antipyretic properties.
Part 1: Show a detailed arrow pushing mechanism of the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of acetanilide to aniline
Part 2: Propose a synthesis of Acetaminophen from phenol
NH
NH
NH
Phenacetin
inophen
Acetanilide
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Can pyridine form a diazonium salt and can quinoline and isoquinoline undergo electrophilic substitution on the benzenoid ring but nucleophilic substitution on the nitrogen ring?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 22.1PCh. 22.1 - Write a structural formula for the product from...Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 22.3PCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.4PCh. 22.2 - Predict the major produce(s) of each electrophilic...Ch. 22.3 - In SN2 reactions of haloalkanes, the order of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.8PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.9PCh. 22 - Addition of m-xylene to the strongly acidic...Ch. 22 - Addition of tert-butylbenzene to the strongly...
Ch. 22 - What product do you predict from the reaction of...Ch. 22 - Other groups besides H+ can act as leaving groups...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.16PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22 - Suggest a reason why the nitroso group, N=O, is...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.19PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.20PCh. 22 - The following molecules each contain two aromatic...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.22PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.23PCh. 22 - The insecticide DDT is prepared by the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.25PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.26PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.27PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.28PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.29PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.32PCh. 22 - Show how to prepare each compound from...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.34PCh. 22 - Show reagents and conditions to bring about the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.36PCh. 22 - Propose a synthesis for each compound from...Ch. 22 - The first widely used herbicide for the control of...Ch. 22 - The first widely used herbicide for the control of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.40PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.42PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.43PCh. 22 - Cancer of the prostate is the second leading cause...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.45PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.46PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.47PCh. 22 - When certain aromatic compounds are treated with...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.49PCh. 22 - Following is the structure of miconazole, the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.51PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.52PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.53PCh. 22 - Show how the antidepressant venlafaxine (Effexor)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.57PCh. 22 - Given this retrosynthetic analysis, propose a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.59PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.60PCh. 22 - Prob. 22.61PCh. 22 - A newer generation of antipsychotics, among them...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.63P
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Similar questions
- Why do you wash the dichloromethane solution of your reductive amination product with sodium bicarbonate, rather than dilute aqueous HCl? a) Sodium bicarbonate is a good method of removing aldehydes from organic solvent.b) The amine product will be protonated by acid and remain in the aqueous layer as a salt.c) Sodium bicarbonate transfers the amine starting material into the aqueous layer.d) Sodium bicarbonate reacts with leftover NaBH(OAc)3 and removes it from the mixture.arrow_forwardExplain why a secondary amine forms a nitrosamine rather than a diazonium ion when it reacts with anitrosonium ion.arrow_forwardWhy is methyl salicylate so easily absorbed through the skin?arrow_forward
- In the mid-1930s a substance was isolated from a fungus that is a parasite of ryes and other grasses. This alkaloid, lysergic acid, has been of great interest to chemists because of its strange, dramatic action on the human mind. Many derivatives of lysergic acid are known, some with medicinal applications. Perhaps the best known derivative of lysergic acid is the potent hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): మగవా జి N-H LSD (CH25N;O) Like other alkaloids, LSD is a weak base, with Kp = 7.6 × 107. What is the pH of a 0.94 M solution of LSD? pH =arrow_forward6. The reaction between aniline and nitrous acid at low temperature yields A) an N-nitroso amine B) a diazonium salt C) a nitrile D) an amine nitrite salt 7. An organic nitrogen compound, X, gives ammonia on warming with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide, X could be A) ethanamide B) ethylamine C) phenylamine D) amino ethanoic acidarrow_forwardShow the reaction mechanisms in converting benzophenone to benzopinacol to benzopinacolone. Why must the mixture of benzophenone and isopropyl alcohol with acid be exposed to sunlight? Suppose that the flask is coated with sunscreen, would the reaction work?arrow_forward
- Two reactions occur when sodium hydroxide is added to methyl salicylate. One is immediate and one only occurs with reflux over time. What type of reaction occurs immediately and with which functional group on methyl salicylate does it react? What type of reaction occurs with reflux over time and with which functional group on methyl salicylate does it react?arrow_forwardExplain why carboxylic acids do not undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions with amines.arrow_forwardAlthough acetanilide and phenacetin are not appreciably acidic, aceta- minophen (like aspirin) is a stronger acid than water. What problem would you encounter if the unknown component were acetaminophen rather than acetanilide or phenacetin, and you extracted the aspirin with 5% NaOH? Explain, giving equations for any relevant reactions.arrow_forward
- Explain why a secondary amine forms a nitrosamine rather than a diazonium ion when it reacts with a nitrosonium ion.arrow_forwardAccount for the experimental behavior of each class of amines (primary,secondary and tertiary) based on their relative reactivities with benzenesulfonyl chloride.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best differentiate the acetanilide from p-nitroacetanilide? p-nitroacetanilide will have 3 H-NMR peaks at around 7.26 ppm while acetanilide will only have 2. acetanilide will have have an N-H IR peak at 3200- 3400 while p-nitroactenilide won't. acetanilide will have 3 H-NMR peaks at around 7.26 ppm while p-nitroacetanilide will only have 2. p-nitroacetanilide will have have an N-H IR peak at 3200-3400 while actenilide won't.arrow_forward
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