For the given nitration reaction, orientation of the reaction has to be accounted. Concept Introduction: Activating and deactivating groups: The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups. Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The rate of reaction is increased by an activating groups (electron donating groups) relative to hydrogen. Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.

Question

personality of each of them in terms of nucleophile vs. electrophile (some can be considered acids/bases but we are not looking at that here). Note you may have to use your growing intuition to figure out the personality of one of the molecules below but I believe in you! Rationalize it out based on what we have called strong versus weak electrophiles in past mechanisms. Consider using the memes below to help guide your understanding! A OH O B CH3 C Molecule A: [Select] Molecule B: [Select] Molecule C: [Select] Molecule D: [Select] > H D OH

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.28P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given nitration reaction, orientation of the reaction has to be accounted.

Concept Introduction:

Activating and deactivating groups:

The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups.

Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The rate of reaction is increased by an activating groups (electron donating groups) relative to hydrogen.

Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given substitution reaction in step 2, reaction mechanism has to be proposed.

Concept Introduction:

Activating and deactivating groups:

The effect of substituents on the reaction rate of aromatic electrophilic substitution is given by activating or deactivating groups.

Activating groups – ortho/para directing groups. The rate of reaction is increased by an activating groups (electron donating groups) relative to hydrogen.

Deactivating groups – meta directing groups. The rate of reaction is decreased by a deactivating groups (electron withdrawing groups) relative to hydrogen.

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personality of each of them in terms of nucleophile vs. electrophile (some can be considered acids/bases but we are not looking at that here). Note you may have to use your growing intuition to figure out the personality of one of the molecules below but I believe in you! Rationalize it out based on what we have called strong versus weak electrophiles in past mechanisms. Consider using the memes below to help guide your understanding! A OH O B CH3 C Molecule A: [Select] Molecule B: [Select] Molecule C: [Select] Molecule D: [Select] > H D OH

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