Chapter 13, Problem 13.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given each molecule the index hydrogen deficiency value has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) is otherwise called as units of unsaturation. IHD gives the count of number of Hydrogen molecules that are needed to add to a structure in order to form the corresponding saturated acyclic compound. Hence, the count of number of rings and multiple bonds seen in the structure are taken in consideration.

There are two ways of using IHD

1. 1) From a drawn structure: The number of rings and $\text{π}$ bonds present are counted. The $\text{π}$ bonds containing heteroatom (such as Oxygen, Nitrogen etc.,) are counted the same way as all Carbon bonds are counted.
2. 2) From the molecular formula: The IHD can also be given from molecular formula. The following generic molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{c}}{\text{H}}_{\text{h}}{\text{N}}_{\text{n}}{\text{O}}_{\text{o}}{\text{X}}_{\text{x}}$ , then IHD equation can be derived ,

   $\text{IHD=0}\text{.5×[2c+2-h-x+n]}$

$\text{HDI= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}$

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{carbon}\\ \text{N }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{nitrogen}\\ \text{H }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{hydrogen}\\ \text{X }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{halogen}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

Let us consider the Aspirin molecule,

It is structural formula is $C_9{H}_8{O}_4$

We calculate the $IHD$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{HDI}\text{= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}\\ =\frac{\text{2}\times \text{9+2+0-8-0}}{2}\\ =\underset{\_}{6}\end{array}$

Therfore, the given asprin molecule $HDI$ value is $Six6$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given each molecule the index hydrogen deficiency has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) is otherwise called as units of unsaturation. IHD gives the count of number of Hydrogen molecules that are needed to add to a structure in order to form the corresponding saturated acyclic compound. Hence, the count of number of rings and multiple bonds seen in the structure are taken in consideration.

There are two ways of using IHD

1. 1) From a drawn structure: The number of rings and $\text{π}$ bonds present are counted. The $\text{π}$ bonds containing heteroatom (such as Oxygen, Nitrogen etc.,) are counted the same way as all Carbon bonds are counted.
2. 2) From the molecular formula: The IHD can also be given from molecular formula. The following generic molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{c}}{\text{H}}_{\text{h}}{\text{N}}_{\text{n}}{\text{O}}_{\text{o}}{\text{X}}_{\text{x}}$ , then IHD equation can be derived ,

   $\text{IHD=0}\text{.5×[2c+2-h-x+n]}$

$\text{HDI= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}$

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{carbon}\\ \text{N }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{nitrogen}\\ \text{H }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{hydrogen}\\ \text{X }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{halogen}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

Let us consider the Ascorbic acid (vitamin C),

It is structural formula is $C_6{H}_8{O}_6$

We calculate the $IHD$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{HDI}\text{= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}\\ =\frac{\text{2}\times 6\text{+2+0-8-0}}{2}\\ =3\end{array}$

Therfore, the given Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), $HDI$ value is  $\underset{\_}{3}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given each molecule the index hydrogen deficiency has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) is otherwise called as units of unsaturation. IHD gives the count of number of Hydrogen molecules that are needed to add to a structure in order to form the corresponding saturated acyclic compound. Hence, the count of number of rings and multiple bonds seen in the structure are taken in consideration.

There are two ways of using IHD

1. 1) From a drawn structure: The number of rings and $\text{π}$ bonds present are counted. The $\text{π}$ bonds containing heteroatom (such as Oxygen, Nitrogen etc.,) are counted the same way as all Carbon bonds are counted.
2. 2) From the molecular formula: The IHD can also be given from molecular formula. The following generic molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{c}}{\text{H}}_{\text{h}}{\text{N}}_{\text{n}}{\text{O}}_{\text{o}}{\text{X}}_{\text{x}}$ , then IHD equation can be derived ,

   $\text{IHD=0}\text{.5×[2c+2-h-x+n]}$

$\text{HDI= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}$

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{carbon}\\ \text{N }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{nitrogen}\\ \text{H }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{hydrogen}\\ \text{X }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{halogen}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

Let us consider the pyridine,

It is structural formula is $C_5{H}_{5}N$

We calculate the $IHD$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{HDI}\text{= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}\\ =\frac{\text{2}\times 5\text{+2+1-5-0}}{2}\\ =4\end{array}$

Therfore, the given pyridine, $HDI$ value is $4$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given each molecule the index hydrogen deficiency has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) is otherwise called as units of unsaturation. IHD gives the count of number of Hydrogen molecules that are needed to add to a structure in order to form the corresponding saturated acyclic compound. Hence, the count of number of rings and multiple bonds seen in the structure are taken in consideration.

There are two ways of using IHD

1. 1) From a drawn structure: The number of rings and $\text{π}$ bonds present are counted. The $\text{π}$ bonds containing heteroatom (such as Oxygen, Nitrogen etc.,) are counted the same way as all Carbon bonds are counted.
2. 2) From the molecular formula: The IHD can also be given from molecular formula. The following generic molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{c}}{\text{H}}_{\text{h}}{\text{N}}_{\text{n}}{\text{O}}_{\text{o}}{\text{X}}_{\text{x}}$ , then IHD equation can be derived ,

   $\text{IHD=0}\text{.5×[2c+2-h-x+n]}$

$\text{HDI= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}$

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{carbon}\\ \text{N }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{nitrogen}\\ \text{H }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{hydrogen}\\ \text{X }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{halogen}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

Let us consider the Urea,

It is structural formula is $C{H}_4{N}_{2}O$

We calculate the $IHD$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{HDI}\text{= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}\\ =\frac{\text{2}\times 1\text{+2+2-4-0}}{2}\\ =1\end{array}$

Therfore, the given Urea molecule $HDI$ value is $one1$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given each molecule the index hydrogen deficiency value has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) is otherwise called as units of unsaturation. IHD gives the count of number of Hydrogen molecules that are needed to add to a structure in order to form the corresponding saturated acyclic compound. Hence, the count of number of rings and multiple bonds seen in the structure are taken in consideration.

There are two ways of using IHD

1. 1) From a drawn structure: The number of rings and $\text{π}$ bonds present are counted. The $\text{π}$ bonds containing heteroatom (such as Oxygen, Nitrogen etc.,) are counted the same way as all Carbon bonds are counted.
2. 2) From the molecular formula: The IHD can also be given from molecular formula. The following generic molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{c}}{\text{H}}_{\text{h}}{\text{N}}_{\text{n}}{\text{O}}_{\text{o}}{\text{X}}_{\text{x}}$ , then IHD equation can be derived ,

   $\text{IHD=0}\text{.5×[2c+2-h-x+n]}$

$\text{HDI= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}$

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{carbon}\\ \text{N }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{nitrogen}\\ \text{H }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{hydrogen}\\ \text{X }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{halogen}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

Let us consider the Cholesterol,

It is structural formula is $C_{27}{H}_{46}O$

We calculate the $IHD$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{HDI}\text{= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}\\ =\frac{\text{2}\times 27\text{+2+0-46-0}}{2}\\ =5\end{array}$

Therfore, the given Cholesterol molecule $HDI$ value is $\underset{\_}{five5}$.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given each molecule the index hydrogen deficiency value has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD) is otherwise called as units of unsaturation. IHD gives the count of number of Hydrogen molecules that are needed to add to a structure in order to form the corresponding saturated acyclic compound. Hence, the count of number of rings and multiple bonds seen in the structure are taken in consideration.

There are two ways of using IHD

1. 1) From a drawn structure: The number of rings and $\text{π}$ bonds present are counted. The $\text{π}$ bonds containing heteroatom (such as Oxygen, Nitrogen etc.,) are counted the same way as all Carbon bonds are counted.
2. 2) From the molecular formula: The IHD can also be given from molecular formula. The following generic molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{c}}{\text{H}}_{\text{h}}{\text{N}}_{\text{n}}{\text{O}}_{\text{o}}{\text{X}}_{\text{x}}$ , then IHD equation can be derived ,

   $\text{IHD=0}\text{.5×[2c+2-h-x+n]}$

$\text{HDI= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}$

$\begin{array}{l}\text{C }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{carbon}\\ \text{N }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{nitrogen}\\ \text{H }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{hydrogen}\\ \text{X }\text{indicates}\text{number}\text{of}\text{halogen}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

Let us consider the Dopamine,

It is structural formula is $C_8{H}_{11}N{O}_2$

We calculate the $IHD$ as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{HDI}\text{= }\frac{\left(\text{ 2C+2+N-H-X}\right)}{\text{2}}\\ =\frac{\text{2}\times 8\text{+2+1-11-0}}{2}\\ =4\end{array}$

Therfore, the given Dopamine molecule $HDI$ value is $\underset{\_}{four4}$.