The product formed in the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid , depending on experimental conditions. Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol: Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium. Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

Question

1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?

Answer 1

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Chapter 10.8, Problem 10.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 2-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of Cyclohexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

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1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?

(a) Draw the products formed when propane is heated with Br2. (b) Label major and minor products and explain with an energy diagram.

(a) Draw two different enol tautomers of 2-methylcyclohexanone. (b) Draw two constitutional isomers that are not tautomers, but contain a C=C and an OH group. 2-methylcyclohexanone

Answer 2

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Chapter 10.8, Problem 10.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 2-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of Cyclohexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

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Answer 3

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Chapter 10.8, Problem 10.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 2-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of Cyclohexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

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Answer 4

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Chapter 10.8, Problem 10.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 2-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of Cyclohexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

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Answer 5

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

Chapter 10.8, Problem 10.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 2-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of Cyclohexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

Answer 8

Chapter 10.8, Problem 10.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

Answer 9

Chapter 10.8, Problem 10.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

Answer 10

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 2-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

Answer 11

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of 2-Hexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

Answer 12

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of Cyclohexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

Answer 13

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product formed in the reaction of Cyclohexanol with chromic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation of alcohols: Oxidation of primary alcohol gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

Chromic acid Oxidation of an Alcohol:

Step 1: Reaction of alcohol and chromic acid gives an alkyl chromate. No change in oxidation state of both Carbon and Chromium.

Step 2: Take a proton away and simultaneously break bonds to give stable molecules or ions. Reaction of the alkyl chromate with a base (here water molecule) results in cleavage of a C-H bond, formation of the carbonyl groups, and reduction of Chromium (VI) to Chromium (IV).

Answer 14

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Ch. 10.1 - Write IUPAC names for these alcohols and include...Ch. 10.1 - Classify each alcohol as primary, secondary, or...Ch. 10.1 - Write IUPAC names for these unsaturated alcohols.Ch. 10.2 - Arrange these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 10.5P Ch. 10.4 - Predict the position of equilibrium for this...Ch. 10.5 - Show how to convert (R)-2-pentanol to...Ch. 10.6 - Draw structural formulas for the alkenes formed by...Ch. 10.6 - Propose a mechanism to account for this...Ch. 10.7 - Propose a mechanism to account for the following...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reaction of 1-Hexanol with chromic acid gives an aldehyde or a carboxylic acid, depending on experimental conditions.

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