The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β -unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn. Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones . Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β -hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β -hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

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Students have asked these similar questions

Complete the following table. The only density needed is already given. Show your calculations in a neat and easy-to-follow manner in the space below the table. All units should be included and significant figures should be given close attention. Be sure to notice that the amount of material should be in millimoles rather than moles, and the theoretical mass of the product should in milligrams rather than grams. LOCH 3 + H2SO4 HNO 3 O=C-OCH 3 NO2 x H₂O F.W. 4.0 mL 1.3 M amount 0.50 mL in H2SO4 mg Theoretical Theoretical mmoles density 1.09

Kumada Coupling: 1. m-Diisobutylbenzene below could hypothetically be synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction. Write out the reaction with a mechanism and give two reasons why you would NOT get the desired product. Draw the reaction (NOT a mechanism) for a Kumada coupling to produce the molecule above from m-dichlorobenzene. Calculate the theoretical yield for the reaction in question 2 using 1.5 g of p-dichlorobenzene and 3.0 mL isobutyl bromide. What signals appeared/disappeared/shifted that indicate that you have your intended product and not starting material? What other impurities are present in your product and how do you know?

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 13

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 19

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 20

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3