The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β -unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn. Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones . Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β -hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β -hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy aldehyde as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of aldehyde. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from aldehyde molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of aldehyde. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy aldehyde. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 13

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the other molecule of ketone. The species formed in this step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 2

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 19

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of the aldol reaction of the given compound and the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone formed from dehydration of the aldol product has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 20

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The aldol reaction product for the given compound has to be drawn.

The aldol reaction yield a β-hydroxy ketone as the product and on dehydration, water is eliminated and the product is formed.

Base abstracts a proton from the α carbon atom of the ketone. Enolate anion is formed after abstraction of α proton from ketone molecule. Enolate ion attacks on the carbonyl carbon of the same molecule. The species formed in above step abstracts proton from water to give the β-hydroxy ketone. Loss of water molecule from the aldol product produces the product given below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 19, Problem 19.18P , additional homework tip 3