Chapter 19, Problem 19.26P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given conversion has to be made has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation using ${\text{OsO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{/H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$:

The above reagent is used to for the dihydroxylation of alkenes and always the vicinal diols are the products. Always a syn stereochemistry is followed.

Oxidation using periodic acid:

${\text{HIO}}_{\text{4}}$ is used specially for 1,2-diols. The reaction of diols with ${\text{HIO}}_{\text{4}}$ yields two carbonyl compounds

Aldol condensation:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named $\beta$-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and $\beta$-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.