The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by an aldol condensation of butanol has to be shown. Concept introduction: Aldol condensation: Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones . Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β -hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β -hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by an aldol condensation of butanol has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol condensation:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by malonic ester synthesis has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester reacts with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by an aldol condensation of butanol has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol condensation:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by malonic ester synthesis has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester reacts with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by an aldol condensation of butanol has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol condensation:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by malonic ester synthesis has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester reacts with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by an aldol condensation of butanol has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol condensation:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by malonic ester synthesis has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester reacts with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by an aldol condensation of butanol has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol condensation:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by malonic ester synthesis has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester reacts with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by an aldol condensation of butanol has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol condensation:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by an aldol condensation of butanol has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol condensation:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by malonic ester synthesis has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester reacts with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by malonic ester synthesis has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Malonic ester synthesis is used to prepare carboxylic acids of the desired length. The malonic ester reacts with an alkoxide base which removes a α hydrogen atom. The anion so formed is reacted with an alkyl bromide. Th anion abstracts the alkyl group from the alkyl bromide. Acidic hydrolysis of the intermediate so formed gives α−substituted malonic acid. On heating, decarboxylation takes place which gives the desired carboxylic acid.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.2P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.3P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.4P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.6P Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.9P Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 19.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol by malonic ester, which is a reversible reaction.

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