The different experimental conditions used to give the major and minor product distribution should be given. Concept Introduction: Carbonyl compound when treated with LDA (Lithium Diisopropylamide) undergoes deprotonation at the α -carbon to form enolate. The enolate formed is resonance stabilized as the negative charge will be spread over other atoms too. The resonance stabilized intermediate undergoes reaction with other molecule of carbonyl (same or different) to form the respective products. If LDA is used as a base the less substituted α carbon is deprotonated due to steric hindrance. Deprotonation of α carbon to form enolate Nucleophilic attack of enolate S N 2 reaction with alkyl halide Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer. Asymmetric center is a sterocenters which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups. Chiral carbon: Chiral carbon is the one which is bonded to four different molecules or groups.

Question

a. The structure of the bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate) ion, HCO3-, HCO3 " is best described as a hybrid of several contributing resonance forms, two of which are shown here. HO :0: HO + :Ö: Bicarbonate is crucial for the control of body pH (for example, blood pH 7.4). A more self-indulgent use is in baking soda, where it serves as a source of CO2 CO2 gas, which gives bread and pastry their fluffy constituency. (i) Draw at least one additional resonance form. = (ii) Using curved "electron-pushing" arrows, show how these Lewis structures may be interconverted by movement of electron pairs. (iii) Determine which form or forms will be the major contributor(s) to the real structure of bicarbonate, explaining your answer on the basis of the criteria in Section 1-5.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.51P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The different experimental conditions used to give the major and minor product distribution should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl compound when treated with LDA (Lithium Diisopropylamide) undergoes deprotonation at the α-carbon to form enolate. The enolate formed is resonance stabilized as the negative charge will be spread over other atoms too. The resonance stabilized intermediate undergoes reaction with other molecule of carbonyl (same or different) to form the respective products. If LDA is used as a base the less substituted α carbon is deprotonated due to steric hindrance.

Deprotonation of α carbon to form enolate

Nucleophilic attack of enolate

S_N2 reaction with alkyl halide

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Asymmetric center is a sterocenters which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups.

Chiral carbon: Chiral carbon is the one which is bonded to four different molecules or groups.

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