The synthesis for gabapentin has to be proposed. Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones . Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β -hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β -hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine. When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation, then it is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile. A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base. Esterification reaction: In an esterification reaction, carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol in presence of little concentrated sulphuric acid to produce an ester. Reduction of aldehydes and ketones: In the reduction of carbonyl compounds, carbonyl compounds act as the oxidising agent and the reducing agent will be the hydrogen gas in presence of a metal.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.63P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis for gabapentin has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation, then it is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

Esterification reaction:

In an esterification reaction, carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol in presence of little concentrated sulphuric acid to produce an ester.

Reduction of aldehydes and ketones:

In the reduction of carbonyl compounds, carbonyl compounds act as the oxidising agent and the reducing agent will be the hydrogen gas in presence of a metal.

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The SN 1 mechanism starts with the rate-determining step which is the dissociation of the alkyl halide into a carbocation and a halide ion. The next step is the rapid reaction of the carbocation intermediate with the nucleophile; this step completes the nucleophilic substitution stage. The step that follows the nucleophilic substitution is a fast acid-base reaction. The nucleophile now acts as a base to remove the proton from the oxonium ion from the previous step, to give the observed product. Draw a curved arrow mechanism for the reaction, adding steps as necessary. Be sure to include all nonzero formal charges. Cl: Add/Remove step G Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.63P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis for gabapentin has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation, then it is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

Esterification reaction:

In an esterification reaction, carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol in presence of little concentrated sulphuric acid to produce an ester.

Reduction of aldehydes and ketones:

In the reduction of carbonyl compounds, carbonyl compounds act as the oxidising agent and the reducing agent will be the hydrogen gas in presence of a metal.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.63P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis for gabapentin has to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation, then it is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

Esterification reaction:

In an esterification reaction, carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol in presence of little concentrated sulphuric acid to produce an ester.

Reduction of aldehydes and ketones:

In the reduction of carbonyl compounds, carbonyl compounds act as the oxidising agent and the reducing agent will be the hydrogen gas in presence of a metal.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.63P

Interpretation Introduction