Chapter 19, Problem 19.57P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Synthesis of the given acid chloride from cyclopentene has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides (RMgX) are known as Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond

Reaction of Grignard reagent with a formic ester followed by hydrolysis in aqueous acid yields secondary alcohol. Tertiary alcohol can be prepared by the reaction of Grignard reagent with ester other than formate.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The steps in the synthesis of $\beta$-diketone using a morpholine enamine has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Enamine:

An enamine is a compound where the lone pair of electrons in the nitrogen atom of $C-N$ bond gets delocalized by the presence of nearby $C=C$ bond.

Hydrolysis of enamine: Under acidic conditions, enamine reacts with water to give corresponding ketone and secondary amine.

Here, the bond between nitrogen and the $s{p}^2$ carbon attached to it gets cleaved.

Hydrolysis of iminium halides will produce an alkylated aldehyde or ketone.