The way by which the given α,β -unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown. Concept introduction: Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones . Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β -hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β -hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19, Problem 19.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given α,β-unsaturated ketone can be prepared by an aldol condensation followed by dehydration of the aldol product has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base like sodium hydroxide. One molecule (aldehyde or ketone) acts a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon center of the other molecule to give the addition product. The product is named β-hydroxy aldehyde if two aldehydes combine and β-hydroxy ketone if two ketones combine.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.2P Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.3P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.4P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.6P Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.9P Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 19.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that aldol reaction is an addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones.

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