The structural formulas for the compounds A and B and the ketone formed in the given sequence has to be proposed. Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile. A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base. The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester. A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or easter do not have any alpha hydrogens.

Question

Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided structures, draw the curved arrows that epict the mechanistic steps for the proton transfer between a hydronium ion and a pi bond. Draw any missing organic structures in the empty boxes. Be sure to account for all lone-pairs and charges as well as bond-breaking and bond-making steps. 2 56°F Mostly cloudy F1 Drawing Arrows > Q Search F2 F3 F4 ▷11 H. H : CI: H + Undo Reset Done DELL

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas for the compounds A and B and the ketone formed in the given sequence has to be proposed.

Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or easter do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided structures, draw the curved arrows that epict the mechanistic steps for the proton transfer between a hydronium ion and a pi bond. Draw any missing organic structures in the empty boxes. Be sure to account for all lone-pairs and charges as well as bond-breaking and bond-making steps. 2 56°F Mostly cloudy F1 Drawing Arrows > Q Search F2 F3 F4 ▷11 H. H : CI: H + Undo Reset Done DELL

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas for the compounds A and B and the ketone formed in the given sequence has to be proposed.

Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or easter do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas for the compounds A and B and the ketone formed in the given sequence has to be proposed.

Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or easter do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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See solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33P

Interpretation Introduction