The structural formulas for the compounds A and B and the ketone formed in the given sequence has to be proposed. Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile. A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base. The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester. A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or easter do not have any alpha hydrogens.

Question

Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l). The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.50 gof butanoic acid and excess ethanol? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas for the compounds A and B and the ketone formed in the given sequence has to be proposed.

Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or easter do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l). The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.50 gof butanoic acid and excess ethanol? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.

Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.50 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.

Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) a) Given 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100% yield? b) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.25 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? c) The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.70 g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas for the compounds A and B and the ketone formed in the given sequence has to be proposed.

Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or easter do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas for the compounds A and B and the ketone formed in the given sequence has to be proposed.

Concept introduction: When two molecules of an ester undergo condensation is called claisen condensation. Like in aldol reaction, in claisen condensation one molecule is a nucleophile and the other molecule is an electrophile.

A claisen condensation reaction is a reversible reaction and occurs in the presence of a strong base.

The first step of claisen condensation is the removal of a proton from alpha carbon by a base and then the addition of enolate ion formed to the second ester molecule forming a β-ketoester.

A crossed-claisen condensation is also a condensation reaction between a ketone and an ester. Primarily one product will form from crossed-claisen condensation when one of the ketone or easter do not have any alpha hydrogens.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33P

Interpretation Introduction