Chapter 19, Problem 19.79P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reagents used and molecules involved in the given conversion has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like $LiAl{H}_{4}orNaB{H}_4$ which provides alcohol.

Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of $\pi$-bonds between carbon-carbon multiple bonds and addition of alcohol to more substituted position of carbon in the molecule.

Oxidation Reaction: Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like PCC (Pyridinium Chlorochromate) in dichloromethane which provides aldehyde.

Alcohols undergoing oxidation by using oxidizing agent like ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{Cr}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{7}}$ (chromic acid) which provides carboxylic acid.

Intramolecular cyclization is a process where a carbon-carbon bond is formed when reaction occurs between two esters or one ester and carbonyl compound within the same molecule in presence of a strong base to form a cyclic $\text{β}$-keto ester or a cyclic $\text{β}$-diketone, respectively.