Chemistry: Principles and Practice3rd EditionDaniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer Publisher: Cengage LearningISBN: 9780534420123
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Solutions for Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Problem 2.2QE:
State how Daltons atomic theory explains (a) the law of conservation of mass. (b) the law of...Problem 2.11QE:
A mass spectrometer determines isotopic masses to eight or nine significant digits. What limits the...Problem 2.17QE:
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is a molecular compound that contributes to acid rain, and CaCO3 is an ionic...Problem 2.30QE:
Give the complete symbol (XZA), including atomic number and mass number, of (a) a nickel atom with...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Introduction To ChemistryChapter 2 - Atoms, Molecules, And IonsChapter 3 - Equation, The Mole, And Chemical FormulasChapter 4 - Chemical Reactions In SolutionChapter 5 - ThermochemistryChapter 6 - The Gaseous StateChapter 7 - Electronic StructureChapter 8 - The Periodic Table: Structure And TrendsChapter 9 - Chemical BondsChapter 10 - Molecular Structure And Bonding Theories
Chapter 11 - Liquids And SolidsChapter 12 - SolutionsChapter 13 - Chemical KineticsChapter 14 - Chemical EquilibriumChapter 15 - Solutions Of Acids And BasesChapter 16 - Reactions Between Acids And BasesChapter 17 - Chemcial ThermodynamicsChapter 18 - ElectrochemistryChapter 19 - Transitition Metals, Coordination Chemistry And MetallurgyChapter 20 - Chemistry Of Hydrogen, Elements In Group 3a Through 6a, And The Noble GasesChapter 21 - Nuclear ChemistryChapter 22 - Organic Chemistry And Biochemistry
Book Details
"[A]ll of the chapter openers are good and it's a great concept. It's really appealing that each opener is very different and might appeal to different student interests?interests outside of chemistry. The objectives were consistent with the text and will prove to be very helpful for students. [I] love the group activities with the ethics focus! I would use these with my students. I would seriously consider this text and recommend it to my colleagues." - Allison Dobson, Georgia Southern University.
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
We offer sample solutions for Chemistry: Principles and Practice homework problems. See examples below:
Chapter 1, Problem 1.1QEGiven, 1.88 × 36.305 The given calculation involves only multiplication. The first digit consists of...Given, (25.12 - 1.75) × 0.01920(24.339 - 23.15) The given calculation involves subtraction,...Given, x = 17.2 + 65.18 + 2.4 The given calculation involves only addition. The last significant...Given that light travels at a rate of 3.00 × 108 m/s. The conversion factor is used to convert...Given, 25.5 m to km. The conversion factor used to convert meters to kilometers is 1 km = 1000...Given, 6.39 cm = _ m = _ mm = _ nm The conversion factor used to convert centimeters to meters is 1...Given, 45 s = _ ms = _ minutes The conversion factor used to convert seconds to milliseconds is 1 s...Given, area of aluminum foil is 75 ft2, mass is 12 ounces avdp and the density of aluminum is 2.70...
Chapter 1, Problem 1.97QEGiven that light travels at a rate of 3.00 × 108 m/s. The conversion factor is used to convert...Dalton’s Atomic theory tells that the relative number of atoms present in a particular compound is...The species is said to contain 12 protons, 13 neutrons, and 10 electrons. Atomic number is equal to...The species is said to contain 23 protons, 28 neutrons, and 20 electrons. Atomic number is equal to...For entry 1: Atomic number is given as 11, number of electrons is given as 10, and number of...Given compound is NaOH. This contains one sodium cation and a hydroxide anion. One formula unit of...For entry 1: Number of protons is given as 31. This means that the atomic number of the species is...The starting substance of the reaction is called as reactant and final compound of the reaction is...1mol=6.022×1023molecules . 6.022×1023molecules is known as Avogadro’s number. From Avogadro’s...1mol=6.022×1023molecules . 6.022×1023molecules is known as Avogadro’s number. From Avogadro’s...The given compound is K2SO4. The molecular mass of K2SO4 is the sum of the atomic mass of each of...First the molar mass of C4H8 has to be calculated. 4(C) 4×12.01u=48.04u8(H)...First the molar mass of C6H12 has to be calculated. 6(C)...This sample yields 2.60gCO2 and 0.799gH2O. One mole of CO2 has a mass of 44.01g and one mole of H2O...The balanced equation for the reaction between NaOH and HNO3 to yield NaNO3 is: NaOH+HNO3→NaNO3+H2O....The empirical formula of dimethyl sulfoxide is C2H6SO. Molar mass of dimethyl sulfoxide is 78 g/mol...The reaction is: K2[PtCl4] + C2H4→ K[PtCl3(C2H4)]. Molar mass of K2[PtCl4] is 415.09g/mol. Molar...Chapter 3, Problem 3.162QEThe given solution is formed by dissolving 3 g of sugar in 100mL of water. Here, sugar gets...Reason for Correct options: (a) The given compound is BaI2, Iodide of Group (2A) metals is soluble...Reason for Correct options: (b) The given compound isCalcium bromide, bromides of Group (2A) metal...Reason for Correct options: (a) The given compound is Na3PO4, Phosphates of Group (1A) metal...Chapter 4, Problem 4.20QEGiven: solutions of hydrochloric acid HCl and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 are mixed. No reaction...Given: solutions of potassium bromide KBr and silver nitrate AgNO3 are mixed. The general molecular...Given: Volume of solution is 2.0 L ; Mass is 3.56 g. Conversion of mass into moles: Moles of solute...Given: Volume of solution is 250 mL ; Mass is 0.12 g. Conversion of mass into moles: Moles of solute...Given: Volume of solution is 3.13 L ; Molarity is 2.21 M By substituting the given data into the...Given: Volume of solution is 0.113 L ; Molarity is 1.0 M By substituting the given data into the...Given: MHNO3 = 0.223MMBa(OH)2 = 0.033MVBa(OH)2 = 50.00mLVHNO3 = ? First, the concentration of OH-...Chapter 5, Problem 5.1QEGiven reactions are shown below, C2H6(g) + 72O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) ΔH=−1560 kJ (1)2 C2H2(g) +...Given reactions are shown below, CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) ΔH=−890 kJ (1)C2H4(g) + 3...The balanced equation for the fermentation of glucose to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide is given...The balanced equation for the photosynthesis of glucose is given as: 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O(l) →...The balanced equation for the given reaction follows as, NaHCO3(s) → NaOH(s) + CO2(g) Standard...The balanced equation for the given reaction follows as, CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) Standard...Mass of one mole of water gas is 15.01 g. Number of moles of water gas is determined as follows, n...In decomposition reaction, a single reactant undergoes reaction to form two or more products....Chapter 5, Problem 5.106QEChange in temperature is obtained as follows, ΔT = Tfinal−Tinitial= (22.0°C)−(15.0°C)=7°C Volume of...The major difference in the gaseous and liquid state arises from the type of intermolecular spaces...The formula to convert degree Celsius to kelvin is as follows: T(K)=T(°C)+273 K (1) Substitute 25 °C...The conversion factor to convert liters to milliliters is as follows: 1 L=1000 mL Hence convert 40...Chapter 6, Problem 6.82QEThe formula to calculate mole fraction is as follows: χNe=nNenNe+nN2+nO2 (1) Here, nNe denotes the...The formula to convert mass in gram to moles is as follows: Number of moles=Given massmolar mass (1)...The conversion factor to convert liters to milliliters is as follows: 1 L=1000 mL Hence convert 499...Since each dot represents 0.005 mol and there are 8 dots hence the total number of moles of gas...Since each dot represents 0.0020 mol and there are 6 dots hence the total number of moles of gas...In terms of mole fraction, the partial pressure is calculated as follows: PCO2=χCO2PT (1) Here, PT...The formula to convert degree Celsius to kelvin is as follows: T(°C)=59[T(°F)−32] (1) Here, T(°F)...The formula to convert degree Celsius to kelvin is as follows: T(K)=T(°C)+273 K (1) Here, T(K)...The formula to convert degree Celsius to kelvin is as follows: T(K)=T(°C)+273 K (1) Here, T(K)...The formula to convert degree Celsius to kelvin is as follows: T(K)=T(°C)+273 K (1) Here, T(K)...The colors of the light sources are the results of the wavelength of the light, and since two light...Rearrange equation (1) to calculate λ as follows: λ=cv (3) Substitute 9.83×1014 Hz for v and...Substitute 3 for n in equation (3). E3=−2.18×10−18 J(3)2=−2.42×10−19 J Substitute 1 for n in...The visible spectrum of hydrogen gives four lines that represent four transitions of the hydrogen as...The value of principal quantum number (n) is 2. If the value of angular momentum quantum number (l)...The value of principal quantum number (n) is 1. If the value of angular momentum quantum number (l)...Substitute 3 for n and 3 for Z in equation (3). E3=−2.18×10−18(3)2 J(3)2=−2.18×10−18 J Substitute 1...Substitute 3 for n and 2 for Z in equation (3). E3=−2.18×10−18(2)2 J(3)2=−9.69×10−19 J Substitute 4...The electronic configuration for elements with an atomic number less than 10 is as follows: Atomic...The electronic configuration for elements with an atomic number less than 10 is as follows: Atomic...Rearrange equation (1) to calculate the value of velocity as follows: v=hmλ (3) Substitute...Chapter 8, Problem 8.1QEAccording to the location of P, its atomic number is 15. It is present in the nitrogen family of the...According to the location of B, its atomic number is 5. It has 5 electrons in it and therefore its...The electron configuration of the given ion is 1s22s22p63s23p1. Since this ion has a charge of 1+,...The electron configuration of the given ion is [Ar]4s23d104p1. Since this ion has a charge of 2+, it...The electron configuration of the given ion is [Ar]4s23d104p6. Since this ion has a charge of 2−, it...The electron configuration of the given ion is 1s22s22p63s23p6. Since this ion has a charge of 1−,...The atomic number of O is 8 and its electronic configuration is 1s22s22p4. O2− is formed by the gain...Chapter 8, Problem 8.42QEChapter 8, Problem 8.99QEThe atomic number of iron is 26 and its electronic configuration is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6. The...Lewis electron-dot symbols can be used to predict the number of bonds formed by most elements in...The given compound is made up of oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. N is the symbol for nitrogen atom. The...Chapter 9, Problem 9.59QEChapter 9, Problem 9.60QEFor structure H2CNH, The given compound is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms. H is the...The skeleton structure is, The resonance structures are as follows: For structure I: Substitute 5...The skeleton structure is as follows: The resonance structures are as follows: For structure I:...The given skeleton structure is, The resonance structures are as follows: For structure I:...The skeleton structure is as follows: The resonance structures are as follows: For structure I:...The skeleton structure is as follows: The resonance structures are as follows: For structure I:...The skeleton structure is as follows: The resonance structures are as follows: For structure I:...The postulates of VSEPR theory are, 1. The Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory is proposed...Lewis structure for ClC(O)NH2: The total number of valence electrons present in ClC(O)NH2 is...Skeletal structure for the molecule given is shown; The Lewis structure can be drawn considering the...The structure of CF4 is, CF4 has four electron domains and are all in bonding which means that the...The structure of NF3 is, The NF3 have four electron domains and three of them are in bonding which...If one electron is lost by the carbon molecule C2+ ion is formed. The atomic number of C2+ ion is...The molecular electronic configuration of boron molecule is, B2=σ1s2σ*1s2σ2s2σ*2s2π2px1π2py1 The...The molecular electronic configuration of fluorine molecule is,...Nitrosyl ion is given as NO+. The total number of valence electrons in nitrogen is five and that of...Resonance structure: The given species is shown below; The total number of valence electrons is...Resonance structure: The given species is shown below; The total number of valence electrons is...Ethylene oxide: Formula for ethylene oxide is C2H4O. The total number of valence electrons is...Molecular formula: The percentage composition of the compound was 54.53 % of carbon, 9.15 % of...The density of liquid sulphur dioxide is higher than that of gaseous sulphur dioxide because the...Both propane (C3H8) and methane (CH4) have their intermolecular forces as London dispersion force....Both ethylene (C2H4) and methane (CH4) have their intermolecular forces as London dispersion force....Wavelength of X-ray is given as 1.790×10−10 m. The angle of diffraction is given as 14.7 degrees....Chapter 11, Problem 11.95QEMass of water present in the container is given as 1.50 g. Molar mass of water is 18.01 g/mol. The...Given compounds are CF4 and CF2CCl2. Lewis structures can be drawn considering the number of valence...Molarity: Molarity is defined as the mass of solute in one liter of solution. Molarity is the...Given, Mass of [Ca(NO3)2] =4.50 g Mass of water =430.0g Mass of solution =434.5g The mass percentage...Given, Mass of [CO(NH2)2] =3.80 g Mass of water =125.0g Mass of solution =128.8g The mass percentage...Solubility of nitrogen is given as 6.68×10−4 m at 22 °C and 1.0 atm. The given condition is 0 °C and...Solubility of neon is given as 9.07×10−4 m at 25 °C and 2.0 atm. The given condition is 0 °C and 3.0...Given, Weight of hexane =15.0g Weight of heptane =20.0g Vapor pressure of hexane =278 torr Vapor...Given, Weight of cyclohexane =25.0g Weight of 2-methylpentane =44g Vapor pressure of cyclohexane...Given, Weight of hexane =15.0g Weight of heptane =20.0g Vapor pressure of hexane =278 torr Vapor...Given, Weight of cyclohexane =25.0g Weight of 2-methylpentane =44g Vapor pressure of cyclohexane...Mass of alcohol that is present in the wine is given as 7.23 g. The molar mass of alcohol is 46.0...Percentage composition of the compound is given as 33.8 % Na, 17.7 % C, and 47.0 % O. The...The rate law is an equation which provides the relationship between rate of a reaction and the...The reaction that is given in the problem statement is shown below; 2CrO2−+3H2O2+2OH−→2CrO42−+4H2O...The reaction that is given in the problem statement is shown below; 2MnO4−+5HNO2+H+→2Mn2++5NO3−+3H2O...The reaction between nitrogen dioxide and ozone to produce nitrogen trioxide and oxygen is given be...The reaction between phosphine and diborane to produce PH3BH3 and BH3 is given by the equation shown...Given initial concentration of the reactant is 0.64 M. The half-life of the reactant is given as 30...Integrated rate law for the first order reaction is given as follows; ln[R]t=ln[R]0−kt Where, [R]0...Reaction of nitrogen dioxide with ozone to produce dinitrogen pentoxide is given as follows;...The time and the pressure of the reactant is given as shown below; Time (s)Pressure of NO2 at 310...The reaction between nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen to produce nitrogen and water is given be the...To examine whether the system is in equilibrium or not the equilibrium condition must be satisfied....The given reaction occurs is as follows: 2HI(g)⇌H2(g)+I2(g) (1) The concentration of HI can be...The given reaction occurs is as follows: CO(g)+H2O(g)⇌CO2(g)+H2(g) (1) The concentration of CO can...The given reaction is as follows: PCl3(g)+Cl2⇌PCl5(g) The mathematical expression for the ideal gas...The dissociation reaction of BaCrO4 is as follows: BaCrO4⇌Ba2++CrO42− The solubility of BaCrO4 is...The given reaction occurs as follows: 2SO3(g)⇌2SO2(g)+O2(g) The concentration of SO3 can be...The given reaction occurs as follows: PCl5(g)⇌PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) The concentration of PCl5 can be...The complete reaction between KCl and AgNO3 is as follows: KCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)→KNO3(aq)+AgCl(aq) The...The given reaction is as follows: SO2(g)+Cl2(g)⇌SO2Cl2(g) Substitute 1 for the total number of moles...The ionization reaction of K2SO4 is as follows: K2SO4(aq)→2K+(aq)+SO42−(aq) The total ionic equation...In Bronsted–Lowry theory, Acid is defined as a substance that donates a proton. In a solution, it...The chemical equation for ionization of C6H5COOH is as follows: C6H5COOH+H2O→H3O++C6H5COO− The...The chemical equation for ionization of HOCl is as follows: HOCl+H2O→H3O++OCl− The concentration of...The chemical equation for ionization of HNO2 is as follows: HNO2+H2O→H3O++NO2− The concentration of...The chemical equation for ionization of HI is as follows: HI+H2O→H3O++I− The concentration of HI is...The chemical equation for ionization of C6H5COOH is as follows: C6H5COOH+H2O→H3O++C6H5COO− The...The chemical equation for ionization of HOCl is as follows: HOCl+H2O→H3O++OCl− The concentration of...The chemical equation for ionization of HNO2 is as follows: HNO2+H2O→H3O++NO2− The concentration of...The chemical equation for ionization of HI is as follows: HI+H2O→H3O++I− The concentration of HI is...Since HSO4− is a stronger acid than water it donates its proton to water and therefore the...The relation among Ka, Kb and Kw is given as follows: KaKb=Kw (1) Refer table 15.6 for Ka values of...Refer table 15.6 for Ka values of acids. The relation among Ka, Kb and Kw is given as follows:...The ionization of NaCl salt occurs as follows: NaCl(aq)⇌Na+(aq)+Cl−(aq) Cl− the conjugate base of...The ionization of NH4Cl salt occurs as follows: NH4Cl(aq)⇌NH4+(aq)+Cl−(aq) Cl− the conjugate base of...Titration is a quantitative chemical analysis for determining the concentration of an unknown...Addition of 0 mL of 0.1 M NaOH to25.00 mL of 0.100 M acetic acid: Acetic acid is a weak acid. The...Given, Titration of 1.00 mL of 0.240 M LiOH with 0.200 M HNO3 after addition of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.20,...Given, Titration of 1.00 mL of 0.240 M Ba(OH)2 with 0.200 M HNO3 after addition of 0, 0.50, 1.00,...Addition of 0 mL of 0.500 M NaOHto25.00 mL of 0.400 Macetic acid: Acetic acid is a weak acid. The...Addition of 0 mL of 0.150 M NaOHto30.00 mL of 0.150 Mbenzoic acid: Benzoic acid is a weak acid. The...To sketch a titration curve for a weak acid with a strong base, the given below example can be taken...The volume of base required to reach the equivalence point can be calculated as given below....To sketch a titration curve for a weak base with a strong acid, the given below example can be taken...The volume of base required to reach the equivalence point can be calculated as given below....Work is defined as force acting through a distance. When work is done on the system, the sign of ‘w’...The balanced chemical equation as follows, CO(g) + 2H2 (g) → CH3OH(l) The value of ΔSo is calculated...The balanced chemical equation as follows, C(s) + H2O (g) → CO(g) + H2(g) The value of ΔSo is...The given reaction as follows, 2H2O(g) + 2 Cl2 (g) → 4HCl(g) + O2(g) The value of ΔHf∘ is calculated...The given reaction as follows, CH3COOH(l) + NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + CH3COO−(aq) + H2O(l) The value of...The given reaction as follows, Cd(s) + Cl2(g) → CdCl2(s) The value of ΔHreaction∘ is calculated by...The given reaction as follows, 2NO(g) + Br2(g) → 2NOBr(g) The value of ΔHrxno is calculated by...The given reaction as follows, BaCO3(s) → BaO(s) + CO2(g) The value of ΔHrxn∘ is calculated by...The given reaction as follows, CO(g) + 2 H2(g) → CH3OH(g) For the forward reaction to be spontaneous...The given reaction as follows, CS2(l) → CS2(g) The value of ΔHrxn∘ is calculated by standard...The given reaction as follows, CH3OH(l) → CH3OH(g) The value of ΔHrxn∘ is calculated by standard...Oxidation is the reaction in which loss of electron occurs and reduction reaction is the reaction in...The given reaction is as follows: H2+O2→H2O The two half-cell reactions can be written as below:...The given reaction is as follows: Na+FeCl3→Fe+NaCl The two half-cell reactions can be written as...The given reaction is as follows: Zn(s) +NO3−(aq)→Zn+2(aq) +N2(g) The two half-cell reactions can be...The given reaction is as follows: Al(s) +ClO−(aq)→Al(OH)4−(aq) +Cl−(aq) The two half-cell reactions...The given reaction is as follows: ClO−(aq) +CrO2−(aq)→Cl−(aq) +CrO42−(aq) The two half-cell...The given reaction is as follows: Cl2(aq) →Cl−(aq) +ClO3−(aq) The two half-cell reactions can be...The given reaction is as follows: PH3(g) +CrO42−(aq) →CrO2−(aq) +P4(s) The two half-cell reactions...The given reaction is as follows: Zn (s) +Fe+2(aq) → Zn+2(aq)+Fe(s) The half-cell reaction can be...The given reaction is as follows: C3H8(g) +5 O2(g)→3 CO2(g) +4 H2O(l) The two half-cell reactions...Half- cell reactions are given below: H2SO3(s) + H2O(l)→HSO4-(aq) +4H+(aq)+ 2e- E0=−0.17 V2Fe+3(aq)+...The transition elements are having partially filled d orbitals so they are formed large number of...The number of electron loosed or gained in the formation if molecule is known as oxidation state or...Crystal field splitting energy is a required energy to split the d orbitals in to t2g or T2 and eg...Crystal field splitting energy is a requited energy to split the d orbitals in to t2g or T2 and eg...Ground state electronic configuration of Cr is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5. Ground state electronic...For [Cr(H2O)6]2+ complex: Ground state electronic configuration of Cr is, 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1...The balanced equation for the given reaction is, MnO2+ 2C(s)→ Mn(s) + 2CO(g) The amount of carbon...The elements that are present in the second period are smaller in size and have higher...Given information, Volume of Oxygen is 0.50 L, temperature is 27 oC and pressure is 755 torr....If a nuclide has a large neutron-to-proton ratio means, then the number of neutrons is high than the...Given equation is written as shown below. P94242u → α24 + _____ Sum of the atomic numbers on the...Given equation is written as shown below. F2654e + α24→2p11 + _____ Sum of the atomic numbers on the...Given equation is written as shown below. C98249f + B510→L103257r + _____ Sum of the atomic numbers...Binding energy per nucleon for 26Al: Atomic number of aluminium is 13. This means there are 13...Binding energy per nucleon for 30P: Atomic number of phosphorus is 15. This means there are 15...Given information: Amount of energy produced from one kilogram of coal is 2.8×104 kJ. Amount of...Biochemistry is a branch of science that deals with the application of chemical process on the...
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