Chapter 4, Problem 4.15QE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds that are dissolved in water have to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The term solubility reveals the amount of a given substance that can be dissolved in a certain amount of solvent.

• If a compound contains ammonium ion $N{H}_4^{+}$ and group IA cations such as $L{i}^{+},N{a}^{+},K^{+},R{b}^{+}andC{s}^{+}$ as cation then it is probably soluble.
• compound is probably soluble if it contains one of the following anions:

  Halide: $C{l}^{-},B{r}^{-}and{I}^{-}exceptA{g}^{+},H{g}_2^{2+},andP{b}^{2+}compounds$

  Nitrate ($N{O}_3^{-}$), perchlorate $\left(Cl{O}_4^{-}\right)$, acetate $\left(C{H}_{3}CO{O}^{-}\right)$, and sulfate $\left(S{O}_4^{2-}\right)$ , except $B{a}^{2+},H{g}_2^{2+},andP{b}^{2+}sulfates$

• General solubility guidelines for ionic compounds in water.

$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Soluble}& \text{Exceptions}\\ \text{Ammonium}\text{compounds}\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}\right)& \text{None}\\ \text{Lithium}\text{compounds}\left({\text{Li}}^{\text{+}}\right)& \text{None}\\ \text{Sodium}\text{compounds}\left({\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}\right)& \text{None}\\ \text{Potassium}\text{compounds}\left({\text{K}}^{\text{+}}\right)& \text{None}\\ \text{Nitrates}\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{\text{-}}\right)& \text{None}\\ \text{Perchlorates}\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{-}}\right)& \text{None}\\ \text{Acetates}\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{\text{-}}\right)& \text{None}\\ \text{Chlorides}\left({\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}\right)& \\ \text{Bromides}\left({\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}\right)& {\text{Ag}}^{\text{+}}\text{,}{\text{Hg}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{2+}}\text{,}\text{and}{\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\text{compounds}\\ \text{Iodides}\left({\text{I}}^{\text{-}}\right)& \\ \text{Sulfates}\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{2-}}\right)& {\text{Ba}}^{\text{2+}}\text{,}{\text{Hg}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{2+}}\text{,}\text{and}{\text{Pb}}^{\text{2+}}\text{compounds}\end{array}$

Explanation of Solution

Reason for Correct options:

1. (a) The given compound is ${\text{BaI}}_{\text{2}}$, Iodide of Group (2A) metals is soluble in water as per the solubility rules for ionic compounds in water.
2. (c) The given compound is ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}$, Carbonates of Group (1A) metal (Sodium) is soluble in water as per the solubility rules for ionic compounds in water.
3. (d) The given compound is Ammonium sulfate; Ammonium salt is soluble in water as per the solubility rules for ionic compounds in water.

Thus, the correct options are (a), (c), and (d).

Reason for in-correct options:

1. (b) The given compound is $\text{Lead}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{chloride}$, Halides (Chloride) of lead metal is In-soluble in water as per the solubility rules for ionic compounds in water.

Thus, the in-correct options are (b).