Chemistry: Principles and Practice
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780534420123
Author: Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.108QE
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
A solution contains
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1QECh. 4 - A solution is formed by mixing 1 gal ethanol with...Ch. 4 - An aqueous sample is known to contain either Sr2+...Ch. 4 - Ammonium chloride is a strong electrolyte. Draw a...Ch. 4 - Experiments show that propionic acid (CH3CH2COOH)...Ch. 4 - Describe the procedure used to make 1.250 L of...Ch. 4 - If enough Li2SO4 dissolves in water to make a 0.33...Ch. 4 - Describe how 500 mL of a 1.5 M solution of HCl...Ch. 4 - Addition of water to concentrated sulfuric acid is...Ch. 4 - Draw the flow diagram for a calculation that...
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.11QECh. 4 - Describe in words the titration of an acid with a...Ch. 4 - Describe the use of gravimetric analysis to...Ch. 4 - Draw the contents of a beaker of water that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.15QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.16QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.17QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.18QECh. 4 - Write the net ionic equation for the reaction, if...Ch. 4 - Write the net ionic equation for the reaction, if...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.21QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.22QECh. 4 - Write the overall equation (including the physical...Ch. 4 - Write the overall equation (including the physical...Ch. 4 - Write the overall equation (including the physical...Ch. 4 - Write the overall equation (including the physical...Ch. 4 - An aqueous sample is known to contain either Pb2+...Ch. 4 - An aqueous sample is known to contain either Ag+...Ch. 4 - An aqueous sample is known to contain either Mg2+...Ch. 4 - An aqueous sample is known to contain either Pb2+...Ch. 4 - In the beakers shown below, the colored spheres...Ch. 4 - In the beakers shown below, the colored spheres...Ch. 4 - Calculate the molarity of KOH in a solution...Ch. 4 - Calculate the molarity of NaCl in a solution...Ch. 4 - Calculate the molarity of AgNO3 in a solution...Ch. 4 - Calculate the molarity of NaOH in a solution...Ch. 4 - What volume of a 2.3 M HCl solution is needed to...Ch. 4 - What volume of a 5.22 M NaOH solution is needed to...Ch. 4 - What volume of a 2.11 M Li2CO3 solution is needed...Ch. 4 - What volume of a 5.00 M H2SO4 solution is needed...Ch. 4 - What is the molarity of a glucose (C6H12O6)...Ch. 4 - If you dilute 25.0 mL of 1.50 M hydrochloric acid...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.44QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.45QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.46QECh. 4 - How many grams of AgNO3 are needed to prepare 300...Ch. 4 - What mass of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is required to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.49QECh. 4 - What mass of sodium sulfate, in grams, is needed...Ch. 4 - What is the molarity of a solution of strontium...Ch. 4 - What is the molarity of a solution of sodium...Ch. 4 - What is the molarity of a solution of magnesium...Ch. 4 - If 6.73 g of Na2CO3 is dissolved in enough water...Ch. 4 - The substance KSCN is frequently used to test for...Ch. 4 - Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solutions are used...Ch. 4 - Two liters of a 1.5 M solution of sodium hydroxide...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.58QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.59QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.60QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.61QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.62QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.63QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.64QECh. 4 - What volume of 2.4 M HCl is needed to obtain 1.3...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.66QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.67QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.68QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.69QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.70QECh. 4 - What volume of 0.66 M HNO3 is needed to react...Ch. 4 - What volume of 0.22 M hydrochloric acid is needed...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.73QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.74QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.75QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.76QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.77QECh. 4 - What mass of iron (III) hydroxide precipitates on...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79QECh. 4 - What is the solid that precipitates, and how much...Ch. 4 - What volume of 1.212 M silver nitrate is needed to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.82QECh. 4 - A solid forms when excess barium chloride is added...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.84QECh. 4 - Write the overall equation (including the physical...Ch. 4 - Write the overall equation (including the physical...Ch. 4 - What is the molar concentration of a solution of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88QECh. 4 - What is the molar concentration of an HCl solution...Ch. 4 - What is the molar concentration of an H2SO4...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.91QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.92QECh. 4 - The pungent odor of vinegar is a result of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.94QECh. 4 - Oranges and grapefruits are known as citrus fruits...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.96QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.97QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.98QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.99QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.100QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.101QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.102QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.103QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.104QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.105QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.106QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.107QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.108QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.109QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.110QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.115QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.117QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.118QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.119QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.120QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.121QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.122QECh. 4 - Prob. 4.123QE
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- Ionization of the first proton from H2SO4 is complete (H2SO4 is a strong acid); the acid-ionization constant for the second proton is 1.1 102. a What would be the approximate hydronium-ion concentration in 0.100 M H2SO4 if ionization of the second proton were ignored? b The ionization of the second proton must be considered for a more exact answer, however. Calculate the hydronium-ion concentration in 0.100 M H2SO4, accounting for the ionization of both protons.arrow_forwardConsider the following ions: NH4+, CO32, Br, S2, and ClO4. (a) Which of these ions in water gives an acidic solution and which gives a basic solution? (b) Which of these anions will have no effect on the pH of an aqueous solution? (c) Which ion is the strong base? (d) Write a chemical equation for the reaction of each basic anion with water.arrow_forwardEstimate the pH that results when the following two solutions are mixed. a) 50 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 50 mL of 0.4 M KOH b) 100 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 50 mL of 0.4 M NaOH c) 150 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 100 mL of 0.3 M Ba(OH)2 d) 200 mL of 0.3 M CH3COOH and 100 mL of 0.3 M Ba(OH)2arrow_forward
- . A buffered solution is prepared containing acetic acid, HC2H3O2, and sodium acetate, NaC2H3O2, both at 0.5 M. Write a chemical equation showing how this buffered solution would resist a decrease in its pH if a few drops of aqueous strong acid HCI solution were added to it. Write a chemical equation showing how this buffered solution would resist an increase in its pH if a few drops of aqueous strong base NaOH solution were added to it.arrow_forwardTwo strategies are also followed when solving for the pH of a base in water. What is the strategy for calculating the pH of a strong base in water? List the strong bases mentioned in the text that should be committed to memory. Why is calculating the pH of Ca(OH)2 solutions a little more difficult than calculating the pH of NaOH solutions? Most bases are weak bases. The presence of what element most commonly results in basic properties for an organic compound? What is present on this element in compounds that allows it to accept a proton? Table 13-3 and Appendix 5 of the text list Kb values for some weak bases. What strategy is used to solve for the pH of a weak base in water? What assumptions are made when solving for the pH of weak base solutions? If the 5% rule fails, how do you calculate the pH of a weak base in water?arrow_forwardAqueous Solutions of Acids, Bases, and Salts a For each of the following salts, write the reaction that occurs when it dissociates in water: NaCl(s), NaCN(s), KClO2(s), NH4NO3(s), KBr(aq), and NaF(s). b Consider each of the reactions that you wrote above, and identify the aqueous ions that could be proton donors (acids) or proton acceptors (bases). Briefly explain how you decided which ions to choose. c For each of the acids and bases that you identified in pan b, write the chemical reaction it can undergo in aqueous solution (its reaction with water). d Are there any reactions that you have written above that you anticipate will occur to such an extent that the pH of the solution will be affected? As pan of your answer, be sure to explain how you decided. e Assume that in each case above, 0.01 mol of the salt was dissolved in enough water at 25C to make 1.0 L of solution. In each case what additional information would you need in order to calculate the pH? If there are cases where no additional information is required, be sure to state that as well. f Say you take 0.01 mol of NH4CN and dissolve it in enough water at 25C to make 1.0 L of solution. Using chemical reactions and words, explain how you would go about determining what effect this salt will have on the pH of the solution. Be sure to list any additional information you would need to arrive at an answer.arrow_forward
- For each of the following salts, predict whether a 0.10 M solution has a pH less than, equal to, or greater than 7. (a) NaHSO4 (b) NH4Br (c) KClO4 (d) Na2CO3 (e) (NH4)2S (f) NaNO3 (g) Na2HPO4 (h) LiBr (i) FeCl3 Which solution has the highest pH? The lowest pH?arrow_forwardStrong Acids, Weak Acids, and pH Two 0.10-mol samples of the hypothetical monoprotic acids HA(aq) and HB(aq) are used to prepare 1.0-L stock solutions of each acid. a Write the chemical reactions for these acids in water. What are the concentrations of the two acid solutions? b One of these acids is a strong acid, and one is weak. What could you measure that would tell you which acid was strong and which was weak? c Say that the HA(aq) solution has a pH of 3.7. Is this the stronger of the two acids? How did you arrive at your answer? d What is the concentration of A(aq) in the HA solution described in part c? e If HB(aq) is a strong acid, what is the hydronium-ion concentration? f In the solution of HB(aq), which of the following would you expect to be in the greatest concentration: H3O+(aq), B(aq), HB(aq), or OH(aq)? How did you decide? g In the solution of HA(aq), which of the following would you expect to be in the greatest concentration: H3O+(aq), A+(aq), HA(aq), or OH(aq)? How did you decide? h Say you add 1.0 L of pure water to a solution of HB. Would this water addition make the solution more acidic, make it less acidic, or not change the acidity of the original solution? Be sure to fully justify your answer. i You prepare a 1.0-L solution of HA. You then take a 200-mL sample of this solution and place it into a separate container. Would this 200 mL sample be more acidic, be less acidic, or have the same acidity as the original 1.0-L solution of HA(aq)? Be sure to support your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is the pH of a solution obtained by adding 13.0 g of NaOH to 795 mL of a 0.200 M solution of Sr(OH)2? Assume no volume change after NaOH is added.arrow_forward
- The base ethylamine (CH3CH2NH2) has a Kb of. A closely related base, ethanolamine(HOCH2CH2NH2), has a Kb of 3.2105. (a) Which of the two bases is stronger? (b) Calculate the pH of a 0.10M solution of the strong base?arrow_forwardAn aqueous solution contains formic acid and formate ion. Determine the direction in which the pH will change if each of the following chemicals is added to the solution. (a) HCl (b) NaHSO4 (c) CH3COONa (d) KBr (e) H2Oarrow_forwardA solution of acetic acid, HC2H3O2, on a laboratory shelf was of undetermined concentration. If the pH of the solution was found to be 2.57, what was the concentration of the acetic acid? The Ka of acetic acid is 1.7 105.arrow_forward
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