Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780534420123
Author: Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 12.86QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mole fraction of 2-methylpentane and cyclohexane in liquid phase has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Mole fraction:  Mole fraction of a substance in a solution is the number of moles of that substance divided by the total number of moles of all substances present.  The formula is,

  χA=MolesofA (inmol)MolesofA (in mol) +MolesofB (in mol) +MolesofC (in mol) +...χA=MolesofA (inmol)Totalnumberofmolesofcomponents(inmol)

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 12.86QE

The mole fraction of cyclohexane is 0.36781.

The mole fraction of 2-methylpentane is 0.63219.

Explanation of Solution

Given,

Weight of cyclohexane        =25.0g

Weight of 2-methylpentane        =44g

Vapor pressure of cyclohexane    =150torr

Vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane    =313 torr

The moles of 2-methylpentane and cyclohexane are calculated from their molar masses.

  Moles of cyclohexane=25g×1mol84.16g=0.2970mole

  Moles of 2-methylpentane=44g×1mol86.18g=0.5105mole

The mole fraction of cyclohexane in the liquid phase is calculated as,

  Mole fraction of cyclohexane=0.2970mole0.2970mole+0.5105mole

  Mole fraction of cyclohexane=0.2970mole0.8075mole

  Mole fraction of cyclohexane=0.36781

The mole fraction of 2-methylpentane is calculated from the mole fraction of cyclohexane.

  Mole fraction of 2-methylpentane=1-0.36781

  Mole fraction of 2-methylpentane=0.63219

The mole fraction of cyclohexane is 0.36781.

The mole fraction of 2-methylpentane is 0.63219.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The vapor pressures of cyclohexane and 2-methylpentane above the solution have to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor produces a characteristic vapor pressure for each substance that depends on the temperature.  The lowering of the vapor pressure is caused by a lesser ability of the solvent to evaporate, so equilibrium is reached with a smaller concentration of the solvent in the gas phase.  The vapor pressure of a solution is expressed using Raoult’s law:

  PsolvsolvPosolv

The vapor pressure of the solvent (Psolv) above a dilute solution is equal to the mole fraction of the solvent solv) times the vapor pressure of the pure solvent (Posolv).

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 12.86QE

The vapor pressure of cyclohexane is 55.17 torr.

The vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane is 197.87torr.

Explanation of Solution

Given,

Weight of cyclohexane        =25.0g

Weight of 2-methylpentane        =44g

Vapor pressure of cyclohexane    =150torr

Vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane    =313 torr

The moles of cyclohexane are calculated from its molar mass.

  Moles of cyclohexane=25g×1mol84.16g=0.2970mole

The mole fraction of cyclohexane in the liquid phase is calculated as,

  Mole fraction of cyclohexane=0.2970mole0.2970mole+0.5105mole

  Mole fraction of cyclohexane=0.2970mole0.8075mole

  Mole fraction of cyclohexane=0.36781

The vapor pressure of cyclohexane is given as,

  Vapor pressure of cyclohexane=χcyclohexanePocyclohexane

  Vapor pressure of cyclohexane=0.36781×150torr

  Vapor pressure of cyclohexane=55.17torr

The moles of 2-methylpentane are calculated from its molar mass.

  Moles of 2-methylpentane=44g×1mol86.18g=0.5105mole

The mole fraction of 2-methylpentane is calculated from the mole fraction of cyclohexane.

  Mole fraction of 2-methylpentane=1-0.36781

  Mole fraction of 2-methylpentane=0.63219

The vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane is given as,

  Vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane=χ2-methylpentanePo2-methylpentane

  Vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane=0.63219×313torr

  Vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane=197.87 torr

The vapor pressure of cyclohexane is 55.17 torr.

The vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane is 197.87torr.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mole fraction of 2-methylpentane and cyclohexane in vapor phase has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a) and (b).

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 12.86QE

The mole fraction of cyclohexane in vapor phase is 0.2181.

The mole fraction of 2-methylpentane in vapor phase is 0.7819.

Explanation of Solution

The vapor pressure of cyclohexane is 55.17 torr.

The vapor pressure of 2-methylpentane is 197.87torr.

The total vapor pressure is 253.04 torr.

The mole fraction of cyclohexane and 2-methylpentane are calculated as,

  Mole fraction=Vaporpressureofcyclohexane/2-methylpentane(intorr)Totalvaporpressure(intorr)

  Mole fraction of cyclohexane=55.17torr253.04torr=0.2181

  Mole fraction of 2-methylpentane=197.87torr253.04torr=0.7819

The mole fraction of cyclohexane in vapor pressure is 0.2181.

The mole fraction of 2-methylpentane in vapor pressure is 0.7819.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Chemistry: Principles and Practice

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Solutions: Crash Course Chemistry #27; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h2f1Bjr0p4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY