Chapter U2.18, Problem 3E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A Lewis dot structure for H₂Se needs to be drawn and the shape needs to be indicated. This is to be determined if H₂Se has smell or not.

Concept Introduction: Lewis dot structure of H₂Se is similar to H₂O, it is because Oxygen and selenium both have same number of valence electrons as both are of same group.

Answer to Problem 3E

Lewis dot structure of different molecules with different shapes can be formed with the help of valence electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The Lewis dot structure of H₂Se is as follows:

The molecule is polar, bond angle is 105⁰ and it hassp³ hybridization. The overall molecule has bent shape. It has horseradish like smell.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A Lewis dot structure for H₂ needs to be drawn and the shape needs to be indicated. This is to be determined if H₂ has smell or not.

Concept Introduction: In Lewis dot structure of H₂, Hydrogen has one valence electron.Both hydrogen atoms will share one electron to form one covalent bond.

Answer to Problem 3E

Lewis dot structure of different molecules with different shapes can be formed with the help of valence electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The Lewis dot structure of H₂molecule is as follows:

Hydrogen-hydrogen bond is formed after sharing of 1 electron by each H atom. Since, there is no lone pair of electrons on H atom thus, it has linear shape. The hydrogen gas is non-toxic, it does not have any smell or color.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A Lewis dot structure for Ar needs to be drawn and the shape needs to be indicated. This is to be determined if Ar has smell or not.

Concept Introduction: In Lewis dot structure of Ar, Argon has eight valence electrons. Due to presence of 8 electrons, it will not share even single electron with any other atom.

Answer to Problem 3E

Lewis dot structure of different molecules with different shapes can be formed with the help of valence electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The Lewis dot structure is represented as follows:

Argon is an inert gas with valence electrons 8, there will be no sharing of electrons. The element does not have any shape as it does not form bond with any other atom of element. Argon gas being inert has no smell and color. It is non-toxic in nature.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A Lewis dot structure for HOF needs to be drawn and the shape needs to be indicated. This is to be determined if HOF has smell or not.

Concept Introduction: In Lewis dot structure of HOF, hydrogen has one,oxygen has six and fluorine has seven valence electrons. Hydrogen and fluorine both will share one electron to form single covalent bond. Oxygen will share one electron each with hydrogen as well as with fluorine.

Answer to Problem 3E

Lewis dot structure of different molecules with different shapes can be formed with the help of valence electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The Lewis dot structure of HOF molecule is represented as follows:

It has bent shape and molecule has sp³hybridization.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A Lewis dot structure for CHClF₂needs to be drawn and the shape needs to be indicated. This is to be determined if CHClF₂ has smell or not.

Concept Introduction: In Lewis dot structure of CHClF₂, hydrogen has one, carbon has four and chlorine and fluorinehave seven valence electrons. Hydrogen, chlorine and fluorine both will share one electron with carbon atom to form single covalent bond.

Answer to Problem 3E

Lewis dot structure of different molecules with different shapes can be formed with the help of valence electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The Lewis dot structure is represented as follows:

The shape of the molecule is tetrahedral and molecule has sp³ hybridization. It is a colorless gas with ethereal smell.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A Lewis dot structure for HCHO needs to be drawn and the shape needs to be indicated. This is to be determined if HCHO has smell or not.

Concept Introduction: In Lewis dot structure of HCHO, hydrogen has one, oxygen has six valence electrons. Hydrogen will share one electron with carbon atom to form single covalent bond and oxygen will share two electrons with carbon to complete its octet.

Answer to Problem 3E

Lewis dot structure of different molecules with different shapes can be formed with the help of valence electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The given Lewis dot structure is as follows:

The shape is trigonal planar and molecule is sp² hybridized. It has a strong pickle like smell.