Concept explainers
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(a)
Interpretation:
The shape of CF4 molecule needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Answer to Problem 6E
With sp3 hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral.
Explanation of Solution
For Lewis structure of CF4 molecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:
CF4 molecule = 4 electrons in C + 4 × 7 valence electrons in F = 32 electrons
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Hybridization of C atom = 4 + 0 = 4 = sp3
Thus with sp3 hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral.
(b)
Interpretation:
The shape of NF3 molecule needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Answer to Problem 6E
With sp3 hybridization, the molecular shape must be trigonal pyramidal.
Explanation of Solution
For Lewis structure of NF3 molecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:
NF3 molecule = 5 electrons in N + 3 × 7 valence electrons in F = 26 electrons
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Hybridization of N atom = 3 + 1 = 4 = sp3
Thus with sp3 hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral but due to presence of lone pair on central N atom, the geometry alters to trigonal pyramidal shape.
(c)
Interpretation:
The shape of H2Se molecule needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Answer to Problem 6E
With sp3 hybridization, the molecular shape is bent or V-shape for molecule.
Explanation of Solution
For Lewis structure of H2Semolecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:
H2Se molecule = 6 electrons in Se + 1 × 2 valence electrons in H = 8 electrons
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Hybridization of Se atom = 2 + 2 = 4 = sp3
Thus with sp3 hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral but due to the presence of two lone pairs on the central Se atom, the geometry alters to a bent shape.
(d)
Interpretation:
The shape of H2CS molecule needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Answer to Problem 6E
With sp2 hybridization, the molecular shape is trigonal planer for molecule.
Explanation of Solution
For Lewis structure of H2CS molecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:
H2CS molecule = 4 electrons in C + 1 × 2 valence electrons in H+6 electrons in S = 12 electrons
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Hybridization of C atom = 3 + 0 = 3 = sp2
Thus with sp2 hybridization, the molecular shape must be trigonal planer.
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