Chapter U2.11, Problem 6E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape of CF₄ molecule needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair

Answer to Problem 6E

With sp³ hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral.

Explanation of Solution

For Lewis structure of CF₄ molecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:

CF₄ molecule = 4 electrons in C + 4 × 7 valence electrons in F = 32 electrons

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair

Hybridization of C atom = 4 + 0 = 4 = sp³

Thus with sp³ hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape of NF₃ molecule needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair

Answer to Problem 6E

With sp³ hybridization, the molecular shape must be trigonal pyramidal.

Explanation of Solution

For Lewis structure of NF₃ molecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:

NF₃ molecule = 5 electrons in N + 3 × 7 valence electrons in F = 26 electrons

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair

Hybridization of N atom = 3 + 1 = 4 = sp³

Thus with sp³ hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral but due to presence of lone pair on central N atom, the geometry alters to trigonal pyramidal shape.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape of H₂Se molecule needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair

Answer to Problem 6E

With sp³ hybridization, the molecular shape is bent or V-shape for molecule.

Explanation of Solution

For Lewis structure of H₂Semolecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:

H₂Se molecule = 6 electrons in Se + 1 × 2 valence electrons in H = 8 electrons

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair

Hybridization of Se atom = 2 + 2 = 4 = sp³

Thus with sp³ hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral but due to the presence of two lone pairs on the central Se atom, the geometry alters to a bent shape.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape of H₂CS molecule needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair

Answer to Problem 6E

With sp² hybridization, the molecular shape is trigonal planer for molecule.

Explanation of Solution

For Lewis structure of H₂CS molecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:

H₂CS molecule = 4 electrons in C + 1 × 2 valence electrons in H+6 electrons in S = 12 electrons

Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair

Hybridization of C atom = 3 + 0 = 3 = sp²

Thus with sp² hybridization, the molecular shape must be trigonal planer.