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Consider a thin electrical heater attached to a plate and backed by insulation. Initially, the heater and plate are at the temperature of the ambient air,
(a) Sketch and label, on
(b) Sketch the heat flux at the outer surface
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Introduction to Heat Transfer
- 5.10 Experiments have been performed on the temperature distribution in a homogeneous long cylinder (0.1 m diameter, thermal conductivity of 0.2 W/m K) with uniform internal heat generation. By dimensional analysis, determine the relation between the steady-state temperature at the center of the cylinder , the diameter, the thermal conductivity, and the rate of heat generation. Take the temperature at the surface as your datum. What is the equation for the center temperature if the difference between center and surface temperature is when the heat generation is ?arrow_forward1.63 Liquid oxygen (LOX) for the space shuttle is stored at 90 K prior to launch in a spherical container 4 m in diameter. To reduce the loss of oxygen, the sphere is insulated with superinsulation developed at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology's Cryogenic Division; the superinsulation has an effective thermal conductivity of 0.00012 W/m K. If the outside temperature is on the average and the LOX has a heat of vaporization of 213 J/g, calculate the thickness of insulation required to keep the LOX evaporation rate below 200 g/h.arrow_forwardA square silicon chip 7mm7mm in size and 0.5-mm thick is mounted on a plastic substrate as shown in the sketch below. The top surface of the chip is cooled by a synthetic liquid flowing over it. Electronic circuits on the bottom of the chip generate heat at a rate of 5 W that must be transferred through the chip. Estimate the steady-state temperature difference between the front and back surfaces of the chip. The thermal conductivity of silicon is 150 W/m K. Problem 1.6arrow_forward
- 2. Consider the temperature distributions associated with a dx differential control volume within the one-dimensional plane walls shown below. T(x,00) T\x,00) * dx * dx (a) (Б) Tx,1) T(x,1) * dx dx (c) (d) (a) Steady-state conditions exist. Is thermal energy being generated within the differential control volume? If so, is the generation rate positive or negative? (b) Steady-state conditions exist as in part (a). Is the volumetric generation rate positive or negative within the differential control volume? (c) Steady-state conditions do not exist, and there is no volumetric thermal energy generation. Is the temperature of the material in the differential control volume increasing or decreasing with time? (d) Transient conditions exist as in part (c). Is the temperature increasing or decreasing with time?arrow_forwardIn the design of a certain computer application, a heat flow simulation is required. In the simulation, the heat conductor, which is of length 10m, has a perfectly insulated surface. The temperature at both ends of the conductor is kept consistently at zero. The initial temperature at any point of the conductor is uniform at 25°C. The 1-dimensional heat equation is given as follows: for all 0arrow_forwardA solid cylinder of radius R and length L is made from material with thermal conductivity 2. Heat is generated inside the cylinder at a rate S (energy per unit volume per unit time). (a) Neglecting conduction along the axis of the cylinder, find the steady-state temperature distribution in the cylinder, given that the surface temperature is Ts. (b) Consider a crude approximation of a mouse modeled as a cylinder of radius 1 cm and length 5 cm. If the ambient air temperature is 10°C and the internal rate of heat generation in the animal is 10-³ W/cm³, find the skin temperature (Ts) for the mouse. The external heat-transfer coefficient is h = 0.2 W/m².K. (You can neglect conduction along the axis of the mouse, as in part a.)arrow_forwardQ2/ A thermopane window consists of two pieces of glass 7 mm thick that enclose an air space 7 mm thick. The window separates room air at 20°C from outside ambient air at -10°C. The convection coefficient associated with the inner (room-side) surface is 10 W/m? K. If the convection coeficient associated with the outer (ambient) air is 80 W/m? K, what is the heat loss through a window that is 0.8 m long by 0.5 m wide? Neglect radiation,[ kglass = 1.4 W/m-K: kair-0.024S W/m-K ] Window, 0.8 m x 0.5 m Glass 7+7+7-1 Air! Toi= 20 °C h; = 10 W/m2 K Air11 L=0.007 m To = -10 °C ho = 80 W/m2-K Airarrow_forwardPls handwritearrow_forward2.2: Water at a temperature of T∞= 25°C flows over one ofthe surfaces of a steel wall (AISI 1010) whose temperatureis Ts,1= 40°C and thermal conductivity of steel is 671 w/m.k. The wall is 0.35 m thick, and itsother surface temperature is Ts,2= 100°C. For steadystateconditions what is the convection coefficient associatedwith the water flow?arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
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