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Batch processes are often used in chemical and pharmaceutical operations to achieve a desired chemical composition for the final product and typically involve a transient heating operation to take the product from room temperature to the desired process temperature. Consider a situation for which a chemical of density
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Introduction to Heat Transfer
- Question D is my main concern. This question is related to thermodynamicsarrow_forwardAnswer this as fast as you can please I will give good ratingarrow_forwardAssume the following: ●In a light water reactor, approximately 1.0kg of spent nuclear fuel is produced for every50. megawatt-days (MWd) of thermal energy input. ●For the purposes of this analysis, assume the spent nuclear fuel produced is 1.8% Pu-240by mass. Pu-240 has a half-life of 6,430 years. ●The thermal efficiency of the power plant is 38% ●Use equation for radioactive decay: Qt= Q0^e-kt where: ○Qt = quantity of radioactive material at time t ○Q0 = original quantity of radioactive material ○k = the decay constant ○t = time interval in years ○The decay constant k is defined by the relation: Half life = ln(2)/k Diablo Canyon stores 95% of its spent nuclear fuel onsite. ii) How many metric tons of Pu-240 in the spent fuel will still be onsite in that year?arrow_forward
- Two ideal gases were delivered to two containers of equal volumes temperature and pressure. One of the containers has a fixed volume, while the other is a cylinder equipped with a weightless piece of furniture. initially the pressure of gas equals blood pressure. Then the gases are heated with a Bunsen burner. Draw a picture to represent the processes described and determine what are the signs of q and w of the gases under these conditions? will exist difference in the internal energy of these systems? your job.arrow_forwardQ1: Ammonia is absorbed in water from a mixture with air using a column operating at atmospheric pressure and 295 K. The resistance to transfer can be regarded as lying entirely within the gas phase. At a point in the column, the partial pressure of the ammonia is 6.6 kN/m The back pressure at the water interface is negligible, and the resistance to transfer may be regarded as lying in a stationary gas film 1 mm thick. If the diffusivity of ammonia in air is 0.236 cm2 /s, what is the transfer rate per unit area at that point in the column?arrow_forwardYou are analyzing the following (not necessarily well designed) process: At the start of the process, there two fluid streams, one containing species ‘A’ at a concentration of 2mol/l (Stream 1) and one containing species ‘B’ at a concentration of 3mol/l (Stream 2). Each stream has a control valve near the start of the process. Stream 1 has a temperature of 90°C and Stream 2 has a temperature of 70°C. The two streams enter a motorized mixer. A single stream exits the mixer (Stream 3). Stream 3 then enters a stirred tank reactor where nA+mB⟶C. The exit stream (Stream 4) enters a fluid separator. Out of the separator are two streams, one containing species ‘A’ and ‘B’ (Stream 5) and the other containing species ‘C’ at concentration of 1.5mol/l (Stream 6). Stream 5 goes back into the mixer. Stream 6 goes through a pump and another control valve. This stream is then cooled in a shell and tube heat exchanger using a cooled water stream that is at a temperature of 15°C. The outlet flow, now…arrow_forward
- How does the presence of chemical reactions affect phase equilibrium in thermodynamic systems within the field of mechanical engineering?arrow_forwardParvinbhaiarrow_forwardThere is a heated continuous stirred tank reactor shown below where the density is constant through out the system. On the other hand the volume of reaction mixture may vary. The thermal capacitance of the coil used to heat the tank is assumed to be negligible. There is a 2nd order elementary chemical reaction 2A → C taking place in the reactor. Cai Tai qa 2A ->C v „ro Tc Ac In the figure shown above Cai, Tai,qa is the inlet concentration of component A , inlet stream temperature and inlet volumetric flow rate, V is the volume of the reaction mixture, ro is the density through out the system. Tc, Ac and U are the coil temperature, surface area of the coil and heat transfer coefficient of the coil. Cc, T and Ca are the concentration of product C, temperature of the reactor and exit concentration of component A, qc is the outlet volumetric flowrate. The rate constant is assumed to be independent of temperature denoted as ko. The heat of reaction is denoted as AHrxn. Cp is the heat…arrow_forward
- please be cleararrow_forwardWhat is the mass flow rate of zinc in the scrap brass stream (ṁZn,3) in kg/h to 0 decimal place? What is the mass fraction of copper in the mixed scrap stream (xCu,4) to 2 decimal places?arrow_forwardKindly check the answer in picture containing the question before submitting the solution.arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
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