Chemistry: Principles and Reactions8th EditionWilliam L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley Publisher: Cengage LearningISBN: 9781305079373
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Solutions for Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Problem 1QAP:
A solution is prepared by dissolving 12.15 g of nickel(II) nitrate in 175 mL of water (d=1.00g/mL)....Problem 4QAP:
Solutions Introduced directly into the bloodstream have to be isotonic with blood; that is, they...Problem 5QAP:
Silver ions can be found in some of the city water piped into homes. The average concentration of...Problem 10QAP:
Complete the following table for aqueous solutions of theobromine, C7H8N4O2, the alkaloid present in...Problem 14QAP:
A solution is prepared by diluting 0.7850 L of 1.262 M potassium sulfide solution with water to a...Problem 15QAP:
A bottle of phosphoric acid is labeled 85.0% H3PO4 by mass; density=1.689g/cm3. Calculate the...Problem 19QAP:
Assume that 30 L of maple sap yields one kilogram of maple syrup (66% sucrose, C12H22O11). What is...Problem 20QAP:
Juice (d=1.0g/mL) from freshly harvested grapes has about 24% sucrose by mass. What is the molality...Problem 22QAP:
Which of the following is more likely to be soluble in CCl4? In each case explain your answer. (a)...Problem 25QAP:
Consider the process by which lead chloride dissolves in water: PbCl2Pb2+(aq)+2Cl(aq)(a) Using data...Problem 27QAP:
The Henry's law constant for the solubility of helium gas in water is 3.8104M/atm at 25C. (a)...Problem 28QAP:
The Henry's law constant for the solubility of argon gas in water is 1.0103M/atm at 30C. (a) Express...Problem 29QAP:
A carbonated beverage is made by saturating water with carbon dioxide at 0C and a pressure of 3.0...Problem 30QAP:
Air contains 78% nitrogen. At 25C, Henry's law constant for nitrogen is 6.8104M/atm, while at 37C,...Problem 31QAP:
Vodka is advertised to be 80 proof. That means that the ethanol (C2H5OH) concentration is 40% (two...Problem 33QAP:
Calculate the vapor pressure of water over each of the following ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) solutions...Problem 34QAP:
Calculate the vapor pressure of water over each of the following solutions of glycerol, C3H8O3, at...Problem 36QAP:
Consider an aqueous solution of urea, (CO(NH2)2) at 26C. Its vapor pressure is 21.15 mm Hg (vapor...Problem 39QAP:
Calculate the freezing point and normal boiling points of each of the following aqueous solutions....Problem 40QAP:
How many grams of the following nonelectrolytes would have to be mixed with 100.0 g of...Problem 41QAP:
What is the freezing point and normal boiling point of a solution made by adding 39 mL of acetone,...Problem 42QAP:
Antifreeze solutions are aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2(d=1.12g/mL). In Connecticut,...Problem 43QAP:
When 13.66 g of lactic acid, C3H6O3, are mixed with 115 g of stearic acid, the mixture freezes at...Problem 44QAP:
A solution consisting of 4.50 g of propylene glycol, C3H8O2, in 40.5 mL of t-butyl alcohol...Problem 45QAP:
Insulin is a hormone responsible for the regulation of glucose levels in the blood. An aqueous...Problem 46QAP:
Epinephrine (or adrenaline) is a hormone and neurotransmitter. It participates in the...Problem 47QAP:
Lauryl alcohol is obtained from the coconut and is an ingredient in many hair shampoos. Its...Problem 48QAP:
The Rast method uses camphor (C10H16O) as a solvent for determining the molar mass of a compound....Problem 49QAP:
Caffeine is made up of 49.5% C, 5.2% H, 16.5% O, and 28.9% N. A solution made up of 8.25 g of...Problem 50QAP:
A compound contains 42.9% C, 2.4% H, 16.6% N, and 38.1% O. The addition of 3.16 g of this compound...Problem 51QAP:
A biochemist isolates a new protein and determines its molar mass by osmotic pressure measurements....Problem 53QAP:
Estimate the freezing and boiling points of normal 0.25 m aqueous solutions of (a) NH4NO3 (b) NiCl3...Problem 54QAP:
Arrange 0.10 m aqueous solutions of the following solutes in order of decreasing freezing point and...Problem 55QAP:
Aqueous solutions introduced into the stream y injection must have the same osmotic pressure as...Problem 56QAP:
What is the osmotic pressure of a 0.135 M solution of Na2SO4 at 20C? (Assume complete dissociation.)Problem 57QAP:
The freezing point of a 0.11 m solution of HNO2 is -0.20C. (a) What is i for the solution? (b) Is...Problem 58QAP:
The freezing point of a 0.21 m aqueous solution of H2SO4 is -0.796C. (a) What is i? (b) Is the...Problem 59QAP:
An aqueous solution of LiX is prepared by dissolving 3.58 g of the electrolyte in 283 mL of...Problem 60QAP:
An aqueous solution of M2O is prepared by dissolving 10.91 g of the electrolyte in 435 mL of...Problem 61QAP:
A sucrose (C12H22O11) solution that is 45.0% sucrose by mass has a density of 1.203 g/mL at 25C....Problem 62QAP:
An aqueous solution made up of 32.47 g of iron(III) chloride in 100.0 mL of solution has a density...Problem 63QAP:
How would you prepare 5.00 L of a solution that is 43.0% H2SO4 by mass if the resulting solution has...Problem 64QAP:
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) boils at 76.8C and has a density of 1.59 g/mL. (a) A solution prepared...Problem 65QAP:
Twenty-five milliliters of a solution (d=1.107g/mL)containing 15.25% by mass of sulfuric acid is...Problem 66QAP:
The Henry's law constant for the solubility of radon in water at is 9.57106 M/mm Hg. Radon is...Problem 68QAP:
Consider two solutions at a certain temperature. Solution X has a nonelectrolyte as a solute and an...Problem 69QAP:
A pharmacist prepares an isotonic saline solution for intravenous infusion. Instead of preparing a...Problem 70QAP:
One mole of CaCl2 is represented as where represents Ca and represents Cl. Complete the picture...Problem 71QAP:
One mole of Na2S is represented as where represents Na and represents S. Complete the picture...Problem 73QAP:
Consider three test tubes. Tube A has pure water. Tube B has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of ethanol,...Problem 74QAP:
The freezing point of 0.20 m HF is -0.38C. Is HF primarily nonionized in this solution (HF...Problem 75QAP:
A certain gaseous solute dissolves in water, evolving 12.0 kJ of heat. Its solubility at 25C and...Problem 76QAP:
The freezing point of 0.10 M KHSO3 is -0.38C. Which of the following equations best represents what...Problem 77QAP:
Consider 2 vapor pressure curves A and B. They are the vapor pressure curves of pure benzene and a...Problem 78QAP:
A gaseous solute dissolves in water. The solution process has H=15 kJ. Its solubility at 22C and...Problem 79QAP:
In your own words, explain (a) why seawater has a lower freezing point than fresh water. (b) why one...Problem 81QAP:
Beaker A has 1.00 mol of chloroform, CHCl3, at 27C. Beaker B has 1.00 mol of carbon tetrachloride,...Problem 86QAP:
A martini, weighing about 5.0 oz (142 g), contains 30.0% by mass of alcohol. About 15% of the...Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Matter And MeasurementsChapter 2 - Atoms, Molecules, And IonsChapter 3 - Mass Relations In Chemistry; StoichiometryChapter 4 - Reactions In Aqueous SolutionChapter 5 - GasesChapter 6 - Electronic Structure And The Periodic TableChapter 7 - Covalent BondingChapter 8 - ThermochemistryChapter 9 - Liquids And SolidsChapter 10 - Solutions
Chapter 11 - Rate Of ReactionChapter 12 - Gaseous Chemical EquilibriumChapter 13 - Acids And BasesChapter 14 - Equilibria In Acid-base SolutionsChapter 15 - Complex Ion And Precipitation EquilibriaChapter 16 - Spontaneity Of ReactionChapter 17 - ElectrochemistryChapter 18 - Nuclear ReactionsChapter 19 - Complex IonsChapter 20 - Chemistry Of The MetalsChapter 21 - Chemistry Of The NonmetalsChapter 22 - Organic ChemistryChapter 23 - Organic Polymers, Natural And Synthetic
Book Details
Discover all of the fundamental topics of general chemistry with this brief, reader-oriented book. Chemistry: Principles and Reactions, 8e, provides a clear, concise presentation based on the authors' more than 50 years of combined teaching experience. The book includes graded and concept-driven examples as well as examples that focus on molecular reasoning and understanding, as well as "Chemistry: Beyond the Classroom" essays that demonstrate the relevance of the concepts and highlight some of the most up-to-date uses of chemistry. A strong, enhanced art program helps readers visualize chemical concepts. Integrated end-of-chapter questions and Key Concepts correlate to OWLv2, the number 1 online homework and tutorial system for chemistry.
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
We offer sample solutions for Chemistry: Principles and Reactions homework problems. See examples below:
Chapter 1, Problem 1QAPChapter 1, Problem 27QAPChapter 1, Problem 28QAPChapter 2, Problem 1QAPChapter 2, Problem 27QAPChapter 2, Problem 28QAPChapter 2, Problem 36QAPChapter 2, Problem 37QAPChapter 2, Problem 38QAP
Given structural formula- In above structural formula, CH3 group is attached with acetic acid group...Methane is a member of Alkane family that has only 1 carbon atom and general formula for molecular...Chemical name of molecule = silicon disulfide In this chemical compound: Least electronegative atom...Potassium and strontium are metals. Potassium is present in group 1 known as alkali metal group in...Chapter 3, Problem 1QAPChapter 3, Problem 13QAPChapter 3, Problem 18QAPChapter 3, Problem 25QAPChapter 3, Problem 47QAPChapter 3, Problem 48QAPChapter 3, Problem 51QAPChapter 3, Problem 52QAPChapter 3, Problem 74QAPChapter 3, Problem 94QAPChapter 4, Problem 1QAPChapter 4, Problem 7QAPChapter 4, Problem 8QAPChapter 4, Problem 9QAPChapter 4, Problem 10QAPChapter 4, Problem 63QAPChapter 4, Problem 74QAPVolume of a gas in a container is equal to the volume of the container. Conversion factor for gallon...The force exerted by gas over a unit surface of area is called pressure of gas. The expression of...As per the given table we have to find the moles and grams of propane gas. First let us calculate...The gas 1 is taken as CO2 and gas 2 as H2 . For both the gases pressure, volume and temperatures are...Below is the expression of ideal gas equation: PV = nRT .......... (1) Here, volume i.e. V, pressure...The gas present in bulb A is N2 and bulb is NH3 . The moles of N2 and NH3 is 1 mol each. In both...Chapter 5, Problem 86QAPThe given tanks are as follows: Here, circles represent CH4 gas, square represents oxygen and...The pressure, volume and temperature of both tanks A and B is 1.38 atm, 750 ml or 0.750 L, and 25 0C...By burning sulfur with oxygen sulfur trioxide can be prepared 2S(s) + 3O2(g) → 2SO3(g) In the 5 g of...Chapter 6, Problem 1QAPChapter 6, Problem 27QAPChapter 6, Problem 28QAPChapter 6, Problem 39QAPChapter 6, Problem 40QAPChapter 6, Problem 42QAPChapter 6, Problem 49QAPChapter 6, Problem 50QAPChapter 6, Problem 67QAPCalculate the total number of valence electrons in molecule CCl4: Total number of valence electrons...Chapter 7, Problem 4QAPChapter 7, Problem 5QAPChapter 7, Problem 6QAPGiven Information: The molecule is Cl2. Here thetotal valence electrons are: 2×7(Cl)=14 and the...Given Information: The ion is BrO-. Here, the total valence electrons are: 7(Br)+6(O)+1(charge)=14....Chapter 7, Problem 17QAPChapter 7, Problem 18QAPChapter 8, Problem 1QAPChapter 8, Problem 5QAPChapter 8, Problem 6QAPChapter 8, Problem 16QAPChapter 8, Problem 35QAPChapter 8, Problem 43QAPChapter 8, Problem 44QAPChapter 8, Problem 72QAPChapter 8, Problem 76QAPChapter 8, Problem 87QAPGiven: P1 = 254 mm Hg T1 = 57 0C = (57+273) K = 330 K T2 = 35 0C = (35+273) K = 308 K and T2 = 45 0C...Chapter 9, Problem 3QAPGiven Information: The phase diagram of compound X is as follows: The triple point is defined as the...Chapter 9, Problem 18QAPNitrogen monoxide ( NO ) The number of valence electrons of both species. Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence...Chapter 9, Problem 61QAPGiven: The volume of one atom is 43πr3 and the volume of the cell is s3. The percentage of the total...Given: Volume = 10.0 L Mass of hydrogen gas = 0.400 g Mass of oxygen gas = 3.2 g Reaction:...Chapter 9, Problem 78QAPChapter 10, Problem 1QAPChapter 10, Problem 9QAPChapter 10, Problem 10QAPChapter 10, Problem 17QAPChapter 10, Problem 18QAPChapter 10, Problem 33QAPChapter 10, Problem 34QAPGiven, Temperature =22 °C Convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin as follows: T=(22+273) K=295 K...Chapter 10, Problem 40QAPChapter 11, Problem 1QAPChapter 11, Problem 17QAPChapter 11, Problem 19QAPChapter 11, Problem 20QAPChapter 11, Problem 21QAPChapter 11, Problem 22QAPChapter 11, Problem 25QAPChapter 11, Problem 26QAPChapter 11, Problem 27QAPChapter 11, Problem 28QAPGiven Information: Here the chemical reaction is: 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g) Experiment No....Chapter 12, Problem 1QAPThe reaction of the system is as follows: 2A(g)+B(g)→3C(g) The given incomplete data is as follows:...Chapter 12, Problem 10QAPChapter 12, Problem 11QAPChapter 12, Problem 12QAPChapter 12, Problem 14QAPChapter 12, Problem 16QAPChapter 12, Problem 69QAPChapter 12, Problem 71QAPChapter 13, Problem 1QAPChapter 13, Problem 9QAPThe given species is Zn(H2O)3OH+. On reaction with water, it can act as an acid by donating hydrogen...The given species is (CH3)3N. On reaction with water, it can act as a base by accepting hydrogen ion...Chapter 13, Problem 51QAPChapter 13, Problem 52QAPChapter 13, Problem 59QAPChapter 13, Problem 61QAPChapter 13, Problem 62QAPChapter 13, Problem 67QAPChapter 13, Problem 74QAPChapter 13, Problem 98QAPChapter 14, Problem 1QAPChapter 14, Problem 6QAPChapter 14, Problem 9QAPChapter 14, Problem 10QAPChapter 14, Problem 32QAPChapter 14, Problem 34QAPChapter 14, Problem 36QAPChapter 14, Problem 50QAPChapter 14, Problem 74QAPChapter 15, Problem 1QAPChapter 15, Problem 32QAPChapter 15, Problem 34QAPChapter 15, Problem 55QAPThe equation of reaction of iron (II) sulfate with barium hydroxide is shown as follows:...Reason for correct option/s: b. The equation of Ag(NH3)2+ with strong acid is- Ag(NH3)2+(aq)+2H+(aq)...The equilibrium reaction of Mg(OH)2 is as follows: Mg(OH)2(s)⇌Mg2+(aq)+2OH−. The solubility product...Given the reaction is as follows: Zn(NH3)42+(aq)+4OH−(aq)⇌ Zn(OH)42−(aq)+4NH3(aq) For this reaction...Chapter 16, Problem 1QAPChapter 16, Problem 17QAPGiven process is: 4NH3 (g)+5O2(g)→4NO(g)+6H2O(g) The mathematical expression for the standard...Chapter 16, Problem 20QAPGiven process is: 2Cr (s)+3CO2(g)→Cr2O3(s)+3CO(g) The mathematical expression for the standard...Given process is: 2HNO3(l)+3H2S(g)→4H2O(l) + 2NO(g)+3S(s) The mathematical expression for the...Chapter 16, Problem 25QAPChapter 16, Problem 26QAPThe chemical equation corresponding to the reaction between iron ore and hydrogen is given as:...The given reaction is: MnO2(s) ⇌ Mn(s) + O2(g) For the above reaction, the ΔG0 value can be deduced...Given: ΔHf0(H2SO4) = -902.9 kJS0(H2SO4) = 17.14 J/K The dissociation of H2 SO4 can be expressed as...Chapter 17, Problem 1QAPChapter 17, Problem 5QAPChapter 17, Problem 6QAPSO2(g) + I2(aq)→SO3(g) + I-(aq) Determining the oxidation numbers: The oxidation number of I in I2...Chapter 17, Problem 8QAPChapter 17, Problem 9QAPChapter 17, Problem 37QAPChapter 17, Problem 39QAPChapter 17, Problem 73QAPChapter 17, Problem 74QAPChapter 17, Problem 100QAPChapter 18, Problem 1QAPThe reaction in which the change in atomic numbers, energy states and mass number of nuclei takes...The reaction in which the change in atomic numbers, energy states and mass number of nuclei takes...The reaction in which the change in atomic numbers, energy states and mass number of nuclei takes...The reaction in which the change in atomic numbers, energy states and mass number of nuclei takes...The reaction in which the change in atomic numbers, energy states and mass number of nuclei takes...Chapter 18, Problem 19QAPThe reaction in which the change in atomic numbers, energy states and mass number of nuclei takes...Given information: Half-life of uranium = 7×108 years The given equation is:...In the given compound, [Fe(C2O4)2(NH3)Cl3-] Oxalate is denoted by the symbol ‘ox’ and its chemical...A ligand is an atom or a group of atoms or an anion having an unshared pair of electrons and thus it...A ligand is an atom or a group of atoms or an anion that has an unshared pair of electrons and thus...Cadmium is a 4d transition metal element and its atomic number is 48. Its electronic configuration...Chapter 19, Problem 41QAPIn case of transition metal cations, the electrons that are present beyond the noble gas are in...Chapter 20, Problem 1QAPChapter 20, Problem 23QAPChapter 20, Problem 24QAPChapter 20, Problem 39QAPGiven Information: (1) A solution of potassium dichromate is made basic with sodium hydroxide. The...The compound has three elements and anion is periodate ion that is, IO4− because in naming of acid...The reaction of sulphate ion (SO42−) to form sulfur dioxide is as follows: SO42−(aq)⇌SO2(g) Balance...Iodine is oxidized to iodate. I2(s)⇌IO3−(aq) Balance the above reaction. Balance all atoms except...Chapter 21, Problem 18QAPAt 25°C, reaction of bromine is: Br2(I)+H2O ⇌ H+(aq)+Br−(aq)+HBrO(aq) Initial concentration: C 0 0 0...Chapter 21, Problem 53QAPChapter 21, Problem 61QAPBalance the reaction as follows: Consider oxidation and reduction reaction separately as given...Chapter 22, Problem 1QAPChapter 22, Problem 25QAPChapter 22, Problem 26QAPChapter 22, Problem 27QAPChapter 22, Problem 28QAPThe dissolved hydrochloric acid first dissociates into its ionic forms under the aqueous medium as...Chapter 22, Problem 60QAPTetrachloroethylene polymer consists of number of monomer unit of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene. The...If all the polymers contain the same number of monomer units, the molar mass of polymers can be...If all the polymers contain the same number of monomer units, the molar mass of polymers can be...Cellulose is a polyssaccharide which consists of several units of glucose joined through glycosidic...Chapter 23, Problem 29QAPThe given amino acid is alanine which has the following structure: The structures of the respective...
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