Chapter 21, Problem 1QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the compound ${\text{HIO}}_{\text{4}}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: The name of acid depends on anions present.

For acid having three elements,

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$ , nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$ , nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$ , etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer to Problem 1QAP

Name of the species, ${\text{HIO}}_{\text{4}}$ is periodic acid.

Explanation of Solution

The compound has three elements and anion is periodate ion that is, ${\text{IO}}_4{}^{-}$ because in naming of acid ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’.

So, name of compound ${\text{HIO}}_{\text{4}}$ is periodic acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the compound ${\text{BrO}}_2{}^{-}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: The rules for naming anions are-

For acid having three elements,

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$ , nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$ , nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$ , etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer to Problem 1QAP

Name of the species, ${\text{BrO}}_2{}^{-}$ is bromite ion.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is ${\text{BrO}}_2{}^{-}$ . ${\text{BrO}}_2{}^{-}$ has one less oxygen than bromate ion $\left({\text{BrO}}_3{}^{-}\right)$ .

So, the name of anion is changes from bromate to bromite.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the compound $\text{HIO}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$ , nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$ , nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$ , etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer to Problem 1QAP

Name of the species, $\text{HIO}$ is hypoiodous acid.

Explanation of Solution

The given compound is $\text{HIO}$ . The anion of the compound has two less oxygen than iodate ion ${\text{IO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}$ . So, prefix ‘hypo’ and suffix ‘ous’ should be used in naming of the compound. So, name of compound $\text{HIO}$ is hypoiodous acid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the compound ${\text{NaClO}}_{\text{3}}$ needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Rules in naming of compound containing three elements are-

For acid having three elements,

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$ , nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$ , nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$ , etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer to Problem 1QAP

Name of the species, ${\text{NaClO}}_{\text{3}}$ is sodium chlorate.

Explanation of Solution

In compound ${\text{NaClO}}_{\text{3}}$ , the cation present is sodium ion $\left({\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ and anion is $\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$ . So, name of the compound is sodium chlorate.