Chapter 21, Problem 68QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To write the formula of a substance that is used to disinfect water.

Concept introduction:

Disinfection of water means removal of bacteria and pathogenic microorganism from water.

Following are the rules for naming acid. Acids are named on the basis of anions.

For acid having three elements,

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulfate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc. In naming acid containg oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with two less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ite’.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To write the formula of a substance that is used in safety matches.

Concept introduction:

In safety matches potassium chlorate is used.

Following are the rules for naming oxyanions.

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulfate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with two fewer O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To write the formula of a substance that is used to prepare hydrazine.

Concept introduction:

Compounds used to prepare hydrazine are sodium hypochlorite and ammonia.

Following are the rules for naming oxyanions.

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulfate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with two fewer O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ite’.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To write the formula of a substance that is used to etch glass.

Concept introduction:

The compound used to etch glass is hydrofluoric acid.

For acid having two elements (Hydrogen and non-metal), prefix ‘hydro’ and suffix ‘ic acid’ should be used.

So, construction of name of acids is,

Hydro+ First syllable of anion+ ic acid.

Example: Hydrochloric acid