(a) Interpretation: To name the compound HBrO 3 . Concept introduction: The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are- For acid having three elements, ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion ( SO 4 2 − ) , nitrate ion ( NO 3 − ) , etc. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion ( SO 3 2 − ) , nitrite ion ( NO 2 − ) , etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions ( with O − atoms ≥ 1 ) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To name the compound HBrO3.

Concept introduction:

The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To name of the compound KIO.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming an anion are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaClO2.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one). For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaBrO4.

Concept introduction:

Rules for naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?

13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B 2°C. +2°C. cleavage Bond A •CH3 + 26.← Cleavage 2°C. + Bond C +3°C• CH3 2C Cleavage E 2°C. 26. weakest bond Intact molecule Strongest 3°C 20. Gund Largest argest a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. C Weakest bond A Produces Most Bond Strongest Bond Strongest Gund produces least stable radicals Weakest Stable radical b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. 13°C. formed in bound C cleavage ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. • CH3 methyl radical Formed in Gund A Cleavage c.…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To name the compound HBrO3.

Concept introduction:

The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To name of the compound KIO.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming an anion are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaClO2.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one). For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaBrO4.

Concept introduction:

Rules for naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To name the compound HBrO3.

Concept introduction:

The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To name of the compound KIO.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming an anion are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaClO2.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one). For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaBrO4.

Concept introduction:

Rules for naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To name the compound HBrO3.

Concept introduction:

The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To name of the compound KIO.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming an anion are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaClO2.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one). For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaBrO4.

Concept introduction:

Rules for naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To name the compound HBrO3.

Concept introduction:

The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To name of the compound KIO.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming an anion are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaClO2.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one). For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaBrO4.

Concept introduction:

Rules for naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To name the compound HBrO3.

Concept introduction:

The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To name the compound HBrO3.

Concept introduction:

The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To name of the compound KIO.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming an anion are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To name of the compound KIO.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming an anion are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaClO2.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one). For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaClO2.

Concept introduction:

Rules in naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one). For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaBrO4.

Concept introduction:

Rules for naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To name the compound NaBrO4.

Concept introduction:

Rules for naming oxyanions are-

‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion (SO42−), nitrate ion (NO3−), etc.

'-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced to one).For example, sulfite ion (SO32−), nitrite ion (NO2−), etc.

‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with O−atoms≥1) that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 2QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 3QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 4QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 5QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 6QAP Ch. 21 - Give the formula for the acidic oxide of (a) HNO3...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8QAP Ch. 21 - Write the formulas of the following compounds. (a)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10QAP

Solution Summary: The author explains the guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids: '-ate' is the general suffix for oxyanions.

Chapter 21 Solutions