(a) Interpretation: To draw the Lewis structure of HNO 3 . Concept introduction: • Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons. • Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond. • Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Question

On the next page is an LC separation of the parabens found in baby wash. Parabens are suspected in a link to breast cancer therefore an accurate way to quantitate them is desired. a. In the chromatogram, estimate k' for ethyl paraben. Clearly indicate what values you used for all the terms in your calculation. b. Is this a "good" value for a capacity factor? Explain. c. What is the resolution between n-Propyl paraben and n-Butyl paraben? Again, indicate clearly what values you used in your calculation. MAU | Methyl paraben 40 20 0 -2 Ethyl paraben n-Propyl paraben n-Butyl paraben App ID 22925 6 8 min

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 31QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

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On the next page is an LC separation of the parabens found in baby wash. Parabens are suspected in a link to breast cancer therefore an accurate way to quantitate them is desired. a. In the chromatogram, estimate k' for ethyl paraben. Clearly indicate what values you used for all the terms in your calculation. b. Is this a "good" value for a capacity factor? Explain. c. What is the resolution between n-Propyl paraben and n-Butyl paraben? Again, indicate clearly what values you used in your calculation. MAU | Methyl paraben 40 20 0 -2 Ethyl paraben n-Propyl paraben n-Butyl paraben App ID 22925 6 8 min

d. In Figure 4, each stationary phase shows some negative correlation between plate count and retention factor. In other words, as k' increases, N decreases. Explain this relationship between k' and N. Plate Count (N) 4000 3500 2500 2000 1500 1000 Figure 4. Column efficiency (N) vs retention factor (k') for 22 nonionizable solutes on FMS (red), PGC (black), and COZ (green). 3000 Eluent compositions (acetonitrile/water, A/W) were adjusted to obtain k' less than 15, which was achieved for most solutes as follows: FMS (30/70 A/W), PGC (60/40), COZ (80/20). Slightly different compositions were used for the most highly retained solutes. All columns were 50 mm × 4.6 mm id and packed with 5 um particles, except for COZ, which was packed with 3 um particles. All other chromatographic conditions were constant: column length 5 cm, column j.§. 4.6 mm, flow rate 2 mL/min, column temperature 40 °C, and injection volume 0.5 μL Log(k'x/K'ethylbenzene) FMS 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 ཐྭ ཋ ཤྩ བྷྲ ; 500 0 5 10…

f. Predict how the van Deemter curve in Figure 7 would change if the temperature were raised from 40 °C to 55 °C. Figure 7. van Desmter curves in reduced coordinates for four nitroalkane homologues (nitropropane, black; nitrobutane, red; nitropentane, blue; and nitrohexane, green) separated on the FMS phase. Chromatographic conditions: column dimensions 50 mm × 4.6 mm id, eluent 30/70 ACN/water, flow rates 0.2-5.0 mL/min, injection volume 0.5 and column temperature 40 °C. No corrections to the plate heights have been made to account for extracolumn dispersion. Reduced Plate Height (h) ° 20 40 60 Reduced Velocity (v) 8. (2) A water sample is analyzed for traces of benzene using headspace analysis. The sample and standard are spiked with a fixed amount of toluene as an internal standard. The following data are obtained: Ppb benzene Peak area benzene Peak area toluene 10.0 252 376 Sample 533 368 What is the concentration of benzene in the sample?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 31QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 31QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 31QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 31QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 31QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 31QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of HNO3.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H2SO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the Lewis structure of H3PO4.

Concept introduction:

• Lewis structures are the diagrams that show the bonding between the atoms of the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

• Bonding electrons are those electrons which are shared between the atoms resulting in the formation of bond.

• Non-bonding electrons are the valence electrons of the atom which are not shared with another atom.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 2QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 3QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 4QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 5QAP Ch. 21 - Prob. 6QAP Ch. 21 - Give the formula for the acidic oxide of (a) HNO3...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8QAP Ch. 21 - Write the formulas of the following compounds. (a)...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10QAP

Solution Summary: The author explains the Lewis structure of HNO_ 3, which shows the bonding between the molecules and existing lone pairs of electrons.

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Chapter 21 Solutions