Chapter 21, Problem 3QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To write formula of chloric acid.

Concept introduction:

The name of an acid depends on the anion.

The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To write the formula of periodic acid.

Concept introduction:

The name of an acid depends on the anion.The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To write the formula of hypobromous acid.

Concept introduction:

The name of an acid depends on the anion.The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having three elements,

1. ‘-ate’ is the general suffix for oxyanions. In naming acid, the ‘ate’ changes to ‘ic acid’. For example, sulphate ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrate ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc.
2. '-ite' is the suffix for oxyanions (same charge, number of O-atoms reduced. For example, sulfite ion $\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2}-}\right)$, nitrite ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\right)$, etc. In naming acid containing oxyanions, ‘ite’ changes to ‘ous’.
3. ‘per’ is the prefix for oxyanions $\left(\text{with O}-\text{atoms}\ge \text{1}\right)$ that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.
4. ‘hypo’ is the prefix for oxyanions (with less O-atoms) than the oxyanion that ends with suffix ‘-ate’.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine the formula of hydriodic acid.

Concept introduction:

The name of an acid depends on the anion.The guidelines to be followed to assign name to acids are-

For acid having two elements (Hydrogen and non-metal), prefix ‘hydro’ and suffix ‘ic acid’ should be used.

So, construction of name of acids is,

Hydro+ First syllable of anion+ ic acid.

Example: Hydrochloric acid