(a)
Interpretation:
The entropy change (
Concept introduction:
Entropy is defined as the ratio of thermal energy to the temperature which is unavailable for work done. It is also defined as the measure of disorder of molecule of a system. It is an extensive property and state function.
Entropy is related with the number of microstates for a system and microstate is defined as the number of ways for the system to be arranged.
The standard entropy change at room temperature is equal to the difference between the standard entropy of reactant and standard entropy of product.
Answer to Problem 21QAP
Explanation of Solution
Given process is:
The mathematical expression for the standard entropy value at room temperature is:
Where, n and p represents the coefficients of reactants and products in the balanced chemical equation.
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
Put the values, we get:
(b)
Interpretation:
The entropy change (
Concept introduction:
Entropy is defined as the ratio of thermal energy to the temperature which is unavailable for work done. It is also defined as the measure of disorder of molecule of a system. It is an extensive property and state function.
Entropy is related with the number of microstates for a system and microstate is defined as the number of ways for the system to be arranged.
The standard entropy change at room temperature is equal to the difference between the standard entropy of reactant and standard entropy of product.
Answer to Problem 21QAP
Explanation of Solution
Given process is:
The mathematical expression for the standard entropy value at room temperature is:
Where, n and p represents the coefficients of reactants and products in the balanced chemical equation.
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
Put the values, we get:
(c)
Interpretation:
The entropy change (
Concept introduction:
Entropy is defined as the ratio of thermal energy to the temperature which is unavailable for work done. It is also defined as the measure of disorder of molecule of a system. It is an extensive property and state function.
Entropy is related with the number of microstates for a system and microstate is defined as the number of ways for the system to be arranged.
The standard entropy change at room temperature is equal to the difference between the standard entropy of reactant and standard entropy of product.
Answer to Problem 21QAP
Explanation of Solution
Given process is:
The mathematical expression for the standard entropy value at room temperature is:
Where, n and p represents the coefficients of reactants and products in the balanced chemical equation.
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
Put the values, we get:
(d)
Interpretation:
The entropy change (
Concept introduction:
Entropy is defined as the ratio of thermal energy to the temperature which is unavailable for work done. It is also defined as the measure of disorder of molecule of a system. It is an extensive property and state function.
Entropy is related with the number of microstates for a system and microstate is defined as the number of ways for the system to be arranged.
The standard entropy change at room temperature is equal to the difference between the standard entropy of reactant and standard entropy of product.
Answer to Problem 21QAP
Explanation of Solution
Given process is:
The mathematical expression for the standard entropy value at room temperature is:
Where, n and p represents the coefficients of reactants and products in the balanced chemical equation.
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
The value of standard entropy for
Put the values, we get:
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
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- Discuss the effect of temperature change on the spontaneity of the following reactions at 1 atm: (a) Al2O3(s)+2Fe(s)2Al(s)+Fe2O3(s) H =851.4kJ;S =38.5J/K (b) N2H4(l)N2+2H2(g) H =50.6kJ;S =0.3315kJ/K (c) SO3(g)SO2(g)+12 O2(g) H =98.9kJ;S =0.0939kJ/Karrow_forwardSilver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow compound that decomposes when heated to give silver oxide and carbon dioxide: Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) A researcher measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide over a sample of silver carbonate at 220C and found that it was 1.37 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25C. The standard enthalpies of formation of silver carbonate and silver oxide at 25C are 505.9 kJ/mol and 31.05 kJ/mol, respectively. Make any reasonable assumptions in your calculations. State the assumptions that you make, and note why you think they are reasonable.arrow_forwardFor each process, predict whether entropy increases or decreases, and explain how you arrived at your prediction. 2 CO2(g) → 2 CO(g) + O2(g) NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq) MgCO3(s) → MgO(s) + CO2(g)arrow_forward
- Calculate G at 355 K for each of the reactions in Question 17. State whether the reactions are spontaneous.arrow_forwardFor each of the following processes, identify the systemand the surroundings. Identify those processes that arespontaneous. For each spontaneous process, identify theconstraint that has been removed to enable the process to occur: Ammonium nitrate dissolves in water. Hydrogen and oxygen explode in a closed bomb. A rubber band is rapidly extended by a hangingweight. The gas in a chamber is slowly compressed by aweighted piston. A glass shatters on the floor.arrow_forwardAdenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forward
- Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.. 2HgO(s,red)2Hg(l)+O2(g) (a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions? (b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?arrow_forwarda Calculate K1, at 25C for sulfurous acid: H2SO3(aq)H+(aq)+HSO3(aq) b Which thermodynamic factor is the most significant in accounting for the fact that sulfurous acid is a weak acid? Why?arrow_forwardCalculate the standard Gibbs free-energy change when SO3 forms from SO2 and O2 at 298 K. Why is sulfur trioxide an important substance to study? (Hint: What happens when it combines with water?)arrow_forward
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