Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 68QAP
Given that
K, find Ka for HF at 25°C.
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Don't used hand raiting
It is not unexpected that the methoxyl substituent on a cyclohexane ring
prefers to adopt the equatorial conformation.
OMe
H
A G₂ = +0.6 kcal/mol
OMe
What is unexpected is that the closely related 2-methoxytetrahydropyran
prefers the axial conformation:
H
H
OMe
OMe
A Gp=-0.6 kcal/mol
Methoxy: CH3O group
Please be specific and clearly write the reason why this is observed. This effect that provides
stabilization of the axial OCH 3 group in this molecule is called the anomeric effect. [Recall in the way of
example, the staggered conformer of ethane is more stable than eclipsed owing to bonding MO
interacting with anti-bonding MO...]
206 Pb
82
Express your answers as integers. Enter your answers separated by a comma.
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VAΣ
ΜΕ ΑΣΦ
Np, N₁ = 82,126
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protons, neutrons
Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Ch. 16 - Spontaneous Processes Which of the following...Ch. 16 - Which of the following processes are spontaneous?...Ch. 16 - Which of the following processes are spontaneous?...Ch. 16 - Which of the following processes are spontaneous?...Ch. 16 - On the basis of your experience, predict which...Ch. 16 - On the basis of your experience, predict which of...Ch. 16 - In each of the following pairs, choose the...Ch. 16 - In each of the following pairs, choose the...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of ΔS for the following: (a) a...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of S for the following: (a)...
Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of S for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of S for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of S for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Predict the sign of S for each of the following...Ch. 16 - Predict the order of the following reactions in...Ch. 16 - Predict the order of the following reactions in...Ch. 16 - Use Table 16.1 to calculate S for each of the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 16 - Use Table 16.1 to calculate S for each of the...Ch. 16 - Use Table 16.1 to calculate S for each of the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 16 - Calculate G at 82C for reactions in which (a)...Ch. 16 - Calculate G at 72C for reactions in which (a)...Ch. 16 - Calculate G at 355 K for each of the reactions in...Ch. 16 - Calculate G at 415 K for each of the reactions in...Ch. 16 - From the values for G f given in Appendix 1,...Ch. 16 - Follow the directions of Problem 27 for each of...Ch. 16 - Use standard entropies and heats of formation to...Ch. 16 - Follow the directions of Question 29 for the...Ch. 16 - It has been proposed that wood alcohol, CH3OH, a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 16 - Sodium carbonate, also called washing soda, can be...Ch. 16 - The reaction between magnesium metal and water (l)...Ch. 16 - In the laboratory, POCl3 (phosphorus oxychloride)...Ch. 16 - Oxygen can be made in the laboratory by reacting...Ch. 16 - Phosgene, COCl2, can be formed by the reaction of...Ch. 16 - When permanganate ions in aqueous solution react...Ch. 16 - Discuss the effect of temperature change on the...Ch. 16 - Discuss the effect of temperature on the...Ch. 16 - At what temperature does G become zero for each of...Ch. 16 - Over what temperature range are the reactions in...Ch. 16 - For the reaction...Ch. 16 - For the reaction...Ch. 16 - For the decomposition of Ag2O:...Ch. 16 - Consider the following hypothetical equation...Ch. 16 - Prob. 47QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 48QAPCh. 16 - Red phosphorus is formed by heating white...Ch. 16 - Organ pipes in unheated churches develop tin...Ch. 16 - Prob. 51QAPCh. 16 - Pencil lead is almost pure graphite. Graphite is...Ch. 16 - Given the following data for sodium Na(s): S =51.2...Ch. 16 - Given the following data for bromine: Br2(l); S...Ch. 16 - Show by calculation, using Appendix 1, whether...Ch. 16 - Show by calculation whether the reaction HF(aq)...Ch. 16 - For the reaction...Ch. 16 - For the reaction...Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g) (a)...Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction AgCl(s)Ag+(aq)+Cl(aq) (a)...Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g) Use...Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction NH4+(aq) H+(aq)+NH3(aq) Use ...Ch. 16 - Consider the following reaction at 25C:...Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction N2O(g)+NO2(g)3NO(g)K=4.41019...Ch. 16 - For the reaction...Ch. 16 - Consider the decomposition of N2O4 at 100C....Ch. 16 - Use the values for G f in Appendix 1 to calculate...Ch. 16 - Given that H f for HF(aq) is -320.1 kJ/mol and S...Ch. 16 - At 25C, a 0.327 M solution of a weak acid HX has a...Ch. 16 - A 0.250 M solution of a weak base R2NH has a pH of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 71QAPCh. 16 - Given the following standard free energies at 25°C...Ch. 16 - Natural gas, which is mostly methane, CH4, is a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 74QAPCh. 16 - When glucose, C6H12O11, is metabolized to CO2 and...Ch. 16 - Consider the following reactions at 25°C:...Ch. 16 - At 1200 K, an equilibrium mixture of CO and CO2...Ch. 16 - Prob. 78QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 79QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 80QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 81QAPCh. 16 - Carbon monoxide poisoning results when carbon...Ch. 16 - Prob. 83QAPCh. 16 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 16 - Which of the following quantities can be taken to...Ch. 16 - Fill in the blanks: (a) H° and G° become equal at...Ch. 16 - Fill in the blanks: (a) At equilibrium, G is. (b)...Ch. 16 - Prob. 88QAPCh. 16 - Consider the following reaction with its...Ch. 16 - Consider the graph below: (a) Describe the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 91QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 92QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 93QAPCh. 16 - Hf for iodine gas is 62.4 kJ/mol, and S° is 260.7...Ch. 16 - Prob. 95QAPCh. 16 - The overall reaction that occurs when sugar is...Ch. 16 - Hydrogen has been suggested as the fuel of the...Ch. 16 - When a copper wire is exposed to air at room...Ch. 16 - Kafor acetic acid (HC2H3O2) at 25°C is 1.754105 ....Ch. 16 - Consider the reaction 2HI(g)H2(g)+I2(g)At 500C a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 101QAPCh. 16 - Consider the formation of HI(g) from H2(g) and...
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- Please draw the inverted chair forms of the products for the two equilibrium reactions shown below. Circle the equilibrium reaction that would have a AG = 0, i.e., the relative energy of the reactant (to the left of the equilibrium arrows) equals the relative energy of the product? [No requirement to show or do calculations.] CH3 CH3 HH CH3 1 -CH3arrow_forward5. Please consider the Newman projection of tartaric acid drawn below as an eclipsed conformer (1). Please draw the most stable conformer and two intermediate energy conformers noting that staggered conformers are lower in energy than eclipsed forms even if the staggered conformers have gauche relationships between groups. [Draw the substituents H and OH on the front carbons and H, OH and CO₂H on the back carbons based on staggered forms. -CO₂H is larger than -OH.] OH COH ICOOH COOH COOH 1 2 COOH COOH 3 4 Staggered Staggered Staggered (most stable) Indicate the number of each conformer above (1, 2, 3 and 4) that corresponds to the relative energies below. Ref=0 Rotation 6. (60 points) a. Are compounds 1 and 2 below enantiomers, diastereomers or identical? OH OH HO HO LOH HO HO OH 2 OH OH b. Please complete the zig-zag conformation of the compound (3R,4S)-3,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethylhexane by writing the respective atoms in the boxes. 3.arrow_forwardThe plutonium isotope with 144 neutrons Enter the chemical symbol of the isotope.arrow_forward
- The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride is 1.21:1. A sample of sodium fluoride produced 26.1 gg of sodium upon decomposition. How much fluorine was formed?arrow_forward32S 16 Enter your answers numerically separated by a comma. Np. Nn = 跖 ΟΙ ΑΣΦ Submit Request Answer ? protons, neutronsarrow_forward2. Which dimethylcyclohexane compounds shown below exhibit symmetry and therefore are not chiral and would not rotate plane polarized light. 1 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 2 3 CH3arrow_forward
- Can you please explain why the correct answer for this question is letter B? I chose letter A because I thought that a kinetic product was a 1,2-addition. Please give a detailed explanation.arrow_forwardCan you please explain why the answer is structures 2 and 3? Please include a detailed explanation and show how the synthesis can be done with those two structures.arrow_forwardCan you please explain why the correct answer to this question is option 2? I am having trouble understanding how and why. Please provide a detailed explanation and a drawing of how the diene and dienophile would create the product in the question.arrow_forward
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