Concept explainers
How many grams of the following nonelectrolytes would have to be mixed with 100.0 g of p-dichlorobenzene to increase the boiling point by 3.0°C? To decrease the freezing point by 2.0°C? (Use Table 10.2.)
(a) succinic acid (C4H6O4)
(b) caffeine (C8H10N4O2)
(a)
Interpretation:
The mass of succinic acid mixed with 100.0 g of p-dichlorobenzene to increase the boiling point by
Concept introduction:
Non-electrolytes are substances which do not dissociate into ions in the aqueous solution. Thus, they do not conduct electricity.
If a non−volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent, elevation in freezing point takes place. This can be determined using the following formula:
Here,
Similarly, the depression in freezing point can be calculated as follows:
Here,
And,
Molality is defined as number of moles of solute in 1 kg of the solvent.
Answer to Problem 40QAP
The mass of succinic acid mixed with 100.0 g of p-dichlorobenzene to increase the boiling point by
Explanation of Solution
The elevation in boiling point can be calculated using the following formula:
Here,
Since,
So,
Thus, to increase the boiling point by
Now, molality is related to number of moles of solute as follows:
Put the values of mass solvent as
To calculate the freezing point depression, following formula is used.
Here
Since,
So,
To decrease the freezing point by
Now,
Put the values of mass solvent as
Since, molar mass of succinic acid
For boiling point case:
For freezing point case:
(b)
Interpretation:
The mass of caffeine mixed with 100.0 g of p-dichlorobenzene to increase the boiling point by
Concept introduction:
Non-electrolytes are substances which do not dissociate into ions in the aqueous solution. Thus, they do not conduct electricity.
If a non−volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent, elevation in freezing point takes place. This can be determined using the following formula:
Here,
Similarly, the depression in freezing point can be calculated as follows:
Here,
And,
Molality is defined as number of moles of solute in 1 kg of the solvent.
Answer to Problem 40QAP
The mass of caffeine mixed with 100.0 g of p-dichlorobenzene to increase the boiling point by
Explanation of Solution
The elevation in boiling point can be calculated using the following formula:
Here,
Since,
So,
Thus, to increase the boiling point by
Now, molality is related to number of moles of solute as follows:
Put the values of mass solvent as
To calculate the freezing point depression, following formula is used.
Here
Since,
So,
To decrease the freezing point by
Now,
Put the values of mass solvent as
Since, molar mass of caffeine
For boiling point case:
For freezing point case:
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
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