Chapter 3, Problem 51QAP

Write a balanced equation for

(a) the combustion (reaction with oxygen gas) of glucose, C₆H₁₂O₆, to give carbon dioxide and water.

(b) the reaction between xenon tetrafluoride gas and water to give xenon, oxygen, and hydrogen fluoride gases.

(c) the reaction between aluminum and iron(III) oxide to give aluminum oxide and iron.

(d) the formation of ammonia gas from its elements.

(e) the reaction between sodium chloride, sulfur dioxide gas, steam, and oxygen to give sodium sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas.

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical reaction should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

A chemical reaction is said to be balanced if all the constituent atoms are same on both sides of the reaction arrow. A balanced chemical reaction is in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 51QAP

${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}\left(s\right)+6{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 6{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The combustion reaction of glucose to give carbon dioxide and water is as follows:.

${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$.

To balance the number of carbon atoms give coefficient 6 to ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ thus,

${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 6{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$.

Now, to balance the number of hydrogen atoms give coefficient 6 to ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ thus,

${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 6{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$.

At the last, give coefficient 6 to ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ to balance the number of oxygen atoms thus,

${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}\left(s\right)+6{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 6{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$.

Therefore, the balanced chemical reaction is as follows:.

${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{O}}_{\text{6}}\left(s\right)+6{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 6{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical reaction should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

A chemical reaction is said to be balanced if all the constituent atoms are same on both sides of the reaction arrow. A balanced chemical reaction is in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 51QAP

${\text{XeF}}_{\text{4}}\left(g\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Xe}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+4\text{HF}\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction between xenon tetrafluoride gas and water to give xenon, oxygen and hydrogen fluoride gas is as follows:.

${\text{XeF}}_{\text{4}}\left(g\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Xe}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+\text{HF}\left(g\right)$.

Give coefficient 4 to HF to balance the number of fluorine atoms..

${\text{XeF}}_{\text{4}}\left(g\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Xe}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+4\text{HF}\left(g\right)$.

Now, give coefficient 2 to ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ to balance the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. ${\text{XeF}}_{\text{4}}\left(g\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Xe}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+4\text{HF}\left(g\right)$.

Therefore, the balanced chemical reaction is as follows:.

${\text{XeF}}_{\text{4}}\left(g\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to \text{Xe}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+4\text{HF}\left(g\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical reaction should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

A chemical reaction is said to be balanced if all the constituent atoms are same on both sides of the reaction arrow. A balanced chemical reaction is in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 51QAP

$\text{2Al}\left(s\right){\text{+Fe}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\text{+2Fe}\left(s\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction between aluminum and iron (III) oxide to give aluminum oxide and iron is as follows:.

$\text{Al}\left(s\right){\text{+Fe}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\text{+Fe}\left(s\right)$.

Give coefficient 2 to Al to balance the number of aluminum atoms..

$\text{2Al}\left(s\right){\text{+Fe}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\text{+Fe}\left(s\right)$.

Now, to balance the number of iron atoms, give coefficient 2 to Fe..

$\text{2Al}\left(s\right){\text{+Fe}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\text{+2Fe}\left(s\right)$.

Therefore, the balanced chemical reaction will be:.

$\text{2Al}\left(s\right){\text{+Fe}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)\text{+2Fe}\left(s\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical reaction should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

A chemical reaction is said to be balanced if all the constituent atoms are same on both sides of the reaction arrow. A balanced chemical reaction is in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 51QAP

${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+3{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The formation of ammonia gas from its elements is represented as follows:.

${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$.

Give coefficient 2 to ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}$ to balance the number of N atoms..

${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$.

Now, give coefficient 3 to ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}$ to balance the number of H atoms..

${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+3{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$.

Thus, the balanced chemical reaction will be:.

${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)+3{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\left(g\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical reaction should be determined..

Concept introduction:.

A chemical reaction is said to be balanced if all the constituent atoms are same on both sides of the reaction arrow. A balanced chemical reaction is in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.

Answer to Problem 51QAP

$\text{4NaCl}\left(s\right){\text{+2SO}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right){\text{+2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(g\right){\text{+O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+4HCl}\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction between sodium chloride, sulfur dioxide, steam and oxygen to give sodium sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas is as follows:.

$\text{NaCl}\left(s\right){\text{+SO}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(g\right){\text{+O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+HCl}\left(g\right)$.

Give coefficient 2 to NaCl

$\text{2NaCl}\left(s\right){\text{+SO}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(g\right){\text{+O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+HCl}\left(g\right)$.

Now, give coefficient 2 to HCl thus,

$\text{2NaCl}\left(s\right){\text{+SO}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(g\right){\text{+O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+2HCl}\left(g\right)$.

In the last, give coefficient ½ to oxygen gas,

$\text{2NaCl}\left(s\right){\text{+SO}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(g\right){\text{+1/2O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+2HCl}\left(g\right)$.

Or,

$\text{4NaCl}\left(s\right){\text{+2SO}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right){\text{+2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(g\right){\text{+O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+4HCl}\left(g\right)$.

Thus, the balanced chemical reaction will be:.

$\text{4NaCl}\left(s\right){\text{+2SO}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right){\text{+2H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(g\right){\text{+O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+4HCl}\left(g\right)$