Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 23, Problem 17QAP
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The mass percent of C, H and O in cellulose needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Cellulose is present in plant cell wall and is a polysaccharide consists of several glucose units bind together.

Mass percent of an atom present in the sample can be determined by dividing mass of atoms present in the monomer to the overall mass of the monomer unit and multiplying the overall result with 100%.

For example, the mass percent of x g of an atom present in the y g of monomer unit can be determined as:

M % = (x gy g)×100%

Expert Solution
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Answer to Problem 17QAP

Mass percent of C in polymer is 42.46 %.

Mass percent of H in polymer is 7.66 %.

Mass percent of O in polymer is 54.34 %.

Explanation of Solution

Cellulose is a polyssaccharide which consists of several units of glucose joined through glycosidic linkage.

Molecular formula of glucose is C6 H12 O5.

Molar mass of monomer unit glucose in cellulose can be calculated as follows:

M= ((Number of C) (Molar mass of C) (Number of H) (Molar mass of H) (Number of O) (Molar mass of O))

Putting the values,

M= 6 × 12 + 12 × 1 + 5 × 16 = 164 g /mol

There are 6 C in a monomer unit of cellulose.

Now, molar mass of C in a monomer = 6 × 12 = 72 g /mol

Thus, the mass percent of C can be calculated as:

%mC = (MC gMmonomerunit g)×100%

Putting the values,

%mC72 g/mol164 g/mol×100% = 42.46 %

Thus, mass percent of C in polymer is 42.46 %.

There are 12 H in a monomer unit of cellulose.

Now, molar mass of H in a monomer = 12 × 1 = 12 g /mol

Mass percent of H can be calculated as follows:

%mH = (MH gMmonomerunit g)×100%

Putting the values,

%mH = 12 164 × 100 = 7.66 %

Thus, mass percent of H in polymer is 7.66 %.

There are 6 O in a monomer unit of cellulose.

Now, molar mass of O in a monomer = 6 × 16 = 96 g /mol

The mass percent of O can be calculated as:

%mO = (MO gMmonomerunit g)×100%

Putting the values,

%mO96 g/mol  164 g/mol× 100% = 54.34 %

Thus, mass percent of O in polymer is 54.34 %.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The molar mass of the cellulose needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Cellulose is present in plant cell wall and is a polysaccharide consists of several glucose units in it.

The molar mass of any compound can be calculated by taking sum of molar masses of all the atoms present in that compound.

For a molecular formula of compound Cx Hy Oz, the molar mass can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of compound = (Number of C) × (Molar mass of C) + (Number of H) × (Molar mass of H) + (Number of O) × (Molar mass of O)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 17QAP

Molar mass of cellulose is 1.8 × 106g /mol

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of glucose is C6 H12 O6 which is linked with other glucose molecule through glycosidic linkage to form polysaccharides. The cellulose molecule is formed from the linkage of more than 100 glucose units.

Cellulose is a polyssaccharide which consists of several units of glucose joined through glycosidic linkage.

Molecular formula of glucose is C6 H12 O6

Thus, its molar mass can be calculated as follows:

Molar mass of monomer unit glucose in cellulose = (Number of C) × (Molar mass of C) + (Number of H) × (Molar mass of H) + (Number of O) × (Molar mass of O)

Putting the values,

= 6 × 12 + 12 × 1 + 6 × 16 = 180 g /mol

Now,

Molar mass of cellulose = 10000 × Molar mass of monomer unit glucose in cellulose

Thus, the molar mass of cellulose will be:

Molar mass of cellulose= 10000 × 180 = 1.8 × 106g /mol

Thus, the molar mass of cellulose is 1.8 × 106g /mol

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Students have asked these similar questions
(a) What is the empirical formula of cellulose? (b) Whatis the monomer that forms the basis of the cellulose polymer?(c) What bond connects the monomer units in cellulose:amide, acid, ether, ester, or alcohol?
The molar mass of cellulose is approximately 6.0 x 105 g/mol and the molar mass of a soluble starch is on the order of 4.0 x 103 g/mol. The monomer unit in both of these molecules has the empirical formula C6H10O5. The units are about 5.0 x 10-10 m long. About how many units occur in each molecule, and how long are the molecules of cellulose and starch as a result?
How do cellulose, starch, and glycogen differ? Describe the function of each.

Chapter 23 Solutions

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

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