
Concept explainers
Interpretation : Difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond is to be explained.
Concept Introduction :
A covalent bond is formed when there is sharing of electrons between the atoms takes place to fulfill the octet configuration. There are two types of covalent bonds; polarcovalent bonds and nonpolarcovalent bonds.

Answer to Problem 1E
When two atoms with different electronegativities form a covalent bond with each other, the resultant bond is called polar covalent bond. Example: HCl has polar covalent bond between hydrogen atom and chlorine atom.
When the electronegativities of the atoms that bond are identical, the resultant bond is a nonpolar covalent bond. Example: O2has nonpolar covalent bond between two oxygen atoms.
Explanation of Solution
In a polar , the bonded pair of electrons is not shared equally among the atoms. For example in HCl molecule, the hydrogen and chlorine atom do not share the bonded pair of electrons equally. The tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons is called electronegativity. Atom with higher electronegativity attracts more electrons than atom with low electronegativity. Atoms that are more electronegative have partial negative charge and atoms that are less electronegative have positive charge. This results in formation of a polar covalent bond.
If in a molecule the electronegativity of both the atoms is equal or identical, there is no pulling of electrons and they share the electrons equally between them. There is no formation of partial charges and this type of bond is called nonpolar covalent bond. In oxygen or hydrogen molecule, both atoms are same so they have no difference in electronegativity. Hence the bond is nonpolar covalent.
In a polar molecule one atom is more electronegative than other atom. In a nonpolar molecule both atoms have equal electronegativities.
Chapter U2 Solutions
Living by Chemistry
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Microbiology: An Introduction
Introductory Chemistry (6th Edition)
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
- A 2-step reaction has the following mechanism: | 1. (fast) R2 R+R 2. (slow) R+Q K₂ P k_1 What series does it have? (A). v= - = (k + k1 − k-1)[R2][Q] (B). v=-k₁[R₂] + k₁[R]² - k₂[R][Q] (C). v=k₂[R]²[Q]² (D). v = k[R₂]1/2[Q]arrow_forwardSteps and explanations. Also provide, if possible, ways to adress this kind of problems in general.arrow_forwardSteps and explanations. Also provide, if possible, ways to adress this kind of problems in general.arrow_forward
- Steps and explanations. Also provide, if possible, ways to adress this kind of problems in general.arrow_forwardSteps and explanations. Also provide, if possible, ways to adress this kind of problems in general.arrow_forwardCan you please help me and explain how I would find a mechanism consistent, using my results. Help with number 5.arrow_forward
- The conversion of (CH3)3CI to (CH3)2C=CH2 can occur by either a one-step or a two-step mechanism, as shown in Equations [1] and [2]. [1] + I + H₂Ö: :OH [2] q slow :OH + I¯ H₂Ö: a. What rate equation would be observed for the mechanism in Equation [1]? b. What rate equation would be observed for the mechanism in Equation [2]? c. What is the order of each rate equation (i.e., first, second, and so forth)? d. How can these rate equations be used to show which mechanism is the right one for this reaction? e. Assume Equation [1] represents an endothermic reaction and draw an energy diagram for the reaction. Label the axes, reactants, products, Ea, and AH°. Draw the structure for the transition state. f. Assume Equation [2] represents an endothermic reaction and that the product of the rate-determining step is higher in energy than the reactants or products. Draw an energy diagram for this two-step reaction. Label the axes, reactants and products for each step, and the Ea and AH° for each…arrow_forwardSteps and explanations. Also provide, if possible, ways to adress this kind of problems in general.arrow_forwardSteps and explanations. Also provide, if possible, ways to adress this kind of problems in general.arrow_forward
- Steps and explanations. Also provide, if possible, ways to adress this kind of problems in general.arrow_forwardFor a complex reaction with the rate equation v = k1[A] + k2[A]2, we can say(A) that it is of order 1.(B) that it is of order 1.5.(C) that it is of order 2.(D) that for certain values of [A] it can behave as if it were of order 1, and for other values as if it were of order 2.arrow_forwarda. Draw a complete arrow pushing mechanism for the following. Is this the thermodynamic or the kinetic product? Use your mechanism to explain your choice. Draw all the resonance. HBr Brarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





