
(a)
Interpretation:
Lewis dot structure of the given
Concept introduction:
Lewis dot structure is the representation of molecule in which valence electrons are shown as dots.

Answer to Problem 4E
Lewis structure of the given carboxylic is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
Each carbon has four valencies. The oxygen atoms has valency two. There are two lone pairs on each O atom. Each atom is octet fulfilled except hydrogen atoms which are duplet (having 2 electrons).
(b)
Interpretation:
Structural formula of the given carboxylic acid must be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Structural formula is the representation of a molecule in which the arrangements of all the atoms are shown.

Answer to Problem 4E
Structural formula of the given carboxylic acid (heptanoic acid) is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
Structural formula of heptanoic acid is drawn in which all the carbon atoms have 4 bonds. Each O has two bonds and two lone pairs of electrons. There is no lone pair on C and H atoms. Hydrogen atoms of the carbon chain are not shown to avoid complexity of the structure.
(c)
Interpretation:
The functional group of the given molecule must be predicted.
Concept introduction:

Answer to Problem 4E
There is carboxylic acid functional group in the given molecule.
Explanation of Solution
The functional group (COOH) present in heptanoic acid is shown in red. In this, one carbon is double bonded with one O and single bonded with another OH group.
(d)
Interpretation:
The smell and name of the given molecule must be predicted.
Concept introduction:
Organic molecule can be named easily following the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and applied Chemistry) nomenclature system. Trivial name is also there for organic molecule. Smell sometimes depends on the class of the molecule.

Answer to Problem 4E
Name of the molecule is heptanoic acid as per IUPAC system. Trivial name is enanthic acid. It has smell of rancid oil.
Explanation of Solution
Numbering of the carbon chain is done by giving priority (number 1) to the functional group (COOH) bearing C. Total carbon is 7. So the IUPAC name is heptanoic acid. It is named as enanthic acid in trivial naming system.
The smells of this compound is like rancid oil.
Chapter U2 Solutions
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