Interpretation:The shape of molecule AsH3 needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:The Lewis structure of an organic compound represents the bonding of atoms with lone pairs (if any). It indicates the bonds with atoms and also arrangement of atoms in molecule.
Hybridization of any atom indicates the molecular geometry of molecule. The formula to check the hybridization can be written as:
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
The molecular geometry of molecules with lone pair on central atom is given by VSEPR theory.
Answer to Problem 7E
The shape of arsine is pyramid with bond angle less than 109°.
Explanation of Solution
Given information: The chemical formula of Arsine is AsH3.
For Lewis structure of AsH3 molecule, calculate total number of valence electrons:
AsH3 molecule = 5 electrons in As + 3 x 1 valence electrons in H = 8 electrons
Hybridization = Number of sigma bonds + Number of lone pair
Hybridization of N atom = 3 + 1 = 4 = sp3
Thus, with sp3 hybridization, the molecular shape must be tetrahedral but due to presence of lone pair on central As atom, the geometry must be changed in such a way that the repulsion between lone pair and bond pair must be least. Therefore, the molecular geometry changes to pyramid shape with bond angle less than 109°.
The presence of lone pair on central atom changes the molecular geometry of molecules.
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