Life: The Science of Biology11th EditionDavid E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker Publisher: W. H. FreemanISBN: 9781319010164
Life: The Science of Biology
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Chapter 1 - Studying LifeChapter 1.1 - Living Organisms Share Similarities And A Common OriginChapter 1.2 - Biologists Investigate Life Through Experiments That Test HypothesesChapter 1.3 - Understanding Biology Is Important For Health, Well-being, And Public-policy DecisionsChapter 2 - Small Molecules And The Chemistry Of LifeChapter 2.1 - Atomic Structure Explains The Properties Of MatterChapter 2.2 - Atoms Bond To Form MoleculesChapter 2.3 - Atoms Change Partners In Chemical ReactionsChapter 2.4 - Water Is Critical For LifeChapter 3 - Proteins, Carbohydrates, And Lipids
Chapter 3.1 - Macromolecules Characterize Living ThingsChapter 3.2 - The Function Of A Protein Depends On Its Three-dimensional StructureChapter 3.3 - Simple Sugars Are The Basic Structural Unit Of CarbohydratesChapter 3.4 - Lipids Are Defined By Their Solubility Rather Than By Chemical StructureChapter 4 - Nucleic Acids And The Origin Of LifeChapter 4.1 - Nucleic Acid Structures Reflect Their FunctionsChapter 4.2 - The Small Molecules Of Life Originated On Primitive EarthChapter 4.3 - The Large Molecules Of Life Originated From Small MoleculesChapter 4.4 - Cells Originated From Their Molecular Building BlocksChapter 5 - Cells: The Working Units Of LifeChapter 5.1 - Cells Are The Fundamental Units Of LifeChapter 5.2 - Prokaryotic Cells Are The Simplest CellsChapter 5.3 - Eukaryotic Cells Contain OrganellesChapter 5.4 - Extracellular Structures Have Important RolesChapter 5.5 - Eukaryotic Cells Evolved In Several StepsChapter 6 - Cell MembranesChapter 6.1 - Biological Membranes Are Lipid–protein BilayersChapter 6.2 - The Cell Membrane Is Important In Cell Adhesion And RecognitionChapter 6.3 - Substances Can Cross Membranes By Passive ProcessesChapter 6.4 - Active Transport Across Membranes Requires EnergyChapter 6.5 - Large Molecules Enter And Leave A Cell Through VesiclesChapter 7 - Cell Communication And MulticellularityChapter 7.1 - Signals And Signaling Affect Cell FunctionChapter 7.2 - Receptors Bind Signals To Initiate A Cellular ResponseChapter 7.3 - The Response To A Signal Spreads Through The CellChapter 7.4 - Cells Change In Response To Signals In Several WaysChapter 7.5 - Adjacent Cells In A Multicellular Organism Can Communicate DirectlyChapter 8 - Energy, Enzymes, And MetabolismChapter 8.1 - Physical Principles Underlie Biological Energy TransformationsChapter 8.2 - Atp Plays A Key Role In Biochemical EnergeticsChapter 8.3 - Enzymes Speed Up Biochemical TransformationsChapter 8.4 - Enzymes Bring Substrates Together So Reactions Readily OccurChapter 8.5 - Enzyme Activities Can Be RegulatedChapter 9 - Pathways That Harvest Chemical EnergyChapter 9.1 - Cells Harvest Chemical Energy From Glucose OxidationChapter 9.2 - In The Presence Of Oxygen, Glucose Is Fully OxidizedChapter 9.3 - Oxidative Phosphorylation Forms AtpChapter 9.4 - In The Absence Of Oxygen, Some Energy Is Harvested From GlucoseChapter 9.5 - Metabolic Pathways Are Interrelated And RegulatedChapter 10 - Photosynthesis: Energy From SunlightChapter 10.1 - Photosynthesis Uses Light To Make CarbohydratesChapter 10.2 - Photosynthesis Converts Light Energy Into Chemical EnergyChapter 10.3 - Chemical Energy Trapped In Photosynthesis Is Used To Synthesize CarbohydratesChapter 10.4 - Plants Have Adapted Photosynthesis To Environmental ConditionsChapter 10.5 - Photosynthesis Is An Integral Part Of Plant MetabolismChapter 11.1 - All Cells Derive From Other CellsChapter 11.2 - The Eukaryotic Cell Division Cycle Is RegulatedChapter 11.3 - Eukaryotic Cells Divide By MitosisChapter 11.4 - Cell Division Plays Important Roles In The Sexual Life CycleChapter 11.5 - Meiosis Leads To The Formation Of GametesChapter 11.6 - Cell Death Is Important In Living OrganismsChapter 11.7 - Unregulated Cell Division Can Lead To CancerChapter 12 - Inheritance, Genes, And ChromosomesChapter 12.1 - Inheritance Of Genes Follows Mendelian LawsChapter 12.2 - Alleles Can Produce Multiple PhenotypesChapter 12.3 - Genes Can Interact To Produce A PhenotypeChapter 12.4 - Genes Are Carried On ChromosomesChapter 12.5 - Some Eukaryotic Genes Are Outside The NucleusChapter 12.6 - Prokaryotes Can Transmit Genes By MatingChapter 13 - Dna And Its Role In HeredityChapter 13.1 - Experiments Revealed The Function Of Dna As Genetic MaterialChapter 13.2 - Dna Has A Structure That Suits Its FunctionChapter 13.3 - Dna Is Replicated SemiconservativelyChapter 13.4 - Errors In Dna Can Be RepairedChapter 13.5 - The Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplifies DnaChapter 14 - From Dna To Protein: Gene ExpressionChapter 14.1 - Genes Code For ProteinsChapter 14.2 - Information Flows From Genes To ProteinsChapter 14.3 - Dna Is Transcribed To Produce RnaChapter 14.4 - Eukaryotic Pre-mrna Transcripts Are Processed Prior To TranslationChapter 14.5 - The Information In Mrna Is Translated Into ProteinsChapter 14.6 - Polypeptides Can Be Modified And Transported During Or After TranslationChapter 15 - Gene Mutation And Molecular MedicineChapter 15.1 - Mutations Are Heritable Changes In DnaChapter 15.2 - Mutations In Humans Can Lead To DiseasesChapter 15.3 - Mutations Can Be Detected And AnalyzedChapter 15.4 - Genetic Screening Is Used To Detect DiseaseChapter 15.5 - Genetic Diseases Can Be TreatedChapter 16 - Regulation Of Gene ExpressionChapter 16.1 - Prokaryotic Gene Expression Is Regulated In OperonsChapter 16.2 - Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Regulated By Transcription FactorsChapter 16.3 - Viruses Regulate Their Gene Expression During The Reproductive CycleChapter 16.4 - Epigenetic Changes Regulate Gene ExpressionChapter 16.5 - Eukaryotic Gene Expression Can Be Regulated After TranscriptionChapter 17 - GenomesChapter 17.1 - Genomes Can Be Sequenced RapidlyChapter 17.2 - Prokaryotic Genomes Are CompactChapter 17.3 - Eukaryotic Genomes Contain Many Types Of SequencesChapter 17.4 - Human Biology Is Revealed Through The GenomeChapter 17.5 - Proteomics And Metabolomics Can Provide Insights Beyond The GenomeChapter 18 - Recombinant Dna And BiotechnologyChapter 18.1 - Dna From Different Sources Forms Recombinant DnaChapter 18.2 - There Are Several Ways To Insert Dna Into CellsChapter 18.3 - Any Sequence Of Dna Can Be Used For CloningChapter 18.4 - Several Tools Are Used To Modify Dna And Study Its FunctionChapter 18.5 - Dna Can Be Manipulated For Human BenefitChapter 19 - Genes, Development, And EvolutionChapter 19.1 - The Four Major Processes Of Development Are Determination, Differentiation, Morphogenesis, And GrowthChapter 19.2 - Gene Expression Differences Determine Cell Fate And Cell DifferentiationChapter 19.3 - Gene Expression Determines Morphogenesis And Pattern FormationChapter 19.4 - Changes In Gene Expression Underlie The Evolution Of DevelopmentChapter 19.5 - Developmental Gene Changes Can Shape EvolutionChapter 20 - Processes Of EvolutionChapter 20.1 - Evolution Is Both Factual And The Basis Of Broader TheoryChapter 20.2 - Mutation, Selection, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift, And Nonrandom Mating Result In EvolutionChapter 20.3 - Evolution Can Be Measured By Changes In Allele FrequenciesChapter 20.4 - Selection Can Be Stabilizing, Directional, Or DisruptiveChapter 20.5 - Multiple Factors Account For The Maintenance Of Variation In PopulationsChapter 20.6 - Evolution Is Constrained By History And Trade-offsChapter 21 - Reconstructing And Using PhylogeniesChapter 21.1 - All Of Life Is Connected Through Its Evolutionary HistoryChapter 21.2 - Phylogeny Can Be Reconstructed From Traits Of OrganismsChapter 21.3 - Phylogeny Makes Biology Comparative And PredictiveChapter 21.4 - Phylogeny Is The Basis Of Biological ClassificationChapter 22 - SpeciationChapter 22.1 - Species Are Reproductively Isolated Lineages On The Tree Of LifeChapter 22.2 - Speciation Is A Natural Consequence Of Population SubdivisionChapter 22.3 - Speciation May Occur Through Geographic Isolation Or In SympatryChapter 22.4 - Reproductive Isolation Is Reinforced When Diverging Species Come Into ContactChapter 22.5 - Speciation Rates Are Highly Variable Across LifeChapter 23 - Evolution Of Genes And GenomesChapter 23.1 - Dna Sequences Record The History Of Gene EvolutionChapter 23.2 - Genomes Reveal Both Neutral And Selective Processes Of EvolutionChapter 23.3 - Lateral Gene Transfer And Gene Duplication Can Produce Major ChangesChapter 23.4 - Molecular Evolution Has Many Practical ApplicationsChapter 24 - The History Of Life On EarthChapter 24.1 - Events In Earth’s History Can Be DatedChapter 24.2 - Changes In Earth’s Physical Environment Have Affected The Evolution Of LifeChapter 24.3 - Major Events In The Evolution Of Life Can Be Read In The Fossil RecordChapter 25 - Bacteria, Archaea, And VirusesChapter 25.1 - Bacteria And Archaea Are The Two Primary Divisions Of LifeChapter 25.2 - Prokaryote Diversity Reflects The Ancient Origins Of LifeChapter 25.3 - Ecological Communities Depend On ProkaryotesChapter 25.4 - Viruses Have Evolved Many TimesChapter 26 - The Origin And Diversification Of EukaryotesChapter 26.1 - Eukaryotes Acquired Features From Both Archaea And BacteriaChapter 26.2 - Major Lineages Of Eukaryotes Diversified In The PrecambrianChapter 26.3 - Protists Reproduce Sexually And AsexuallyChapter 26.4 - Protists Are Critical Components Of Many EcosystemsChapter 27 - Plants Without Seeds: From Water To LandChapter 27.1 - Primary Endosymbiosis Produced The First Photosynthetic EukaryotesChapter 27.2 - Key Adaptations Permitted Plants To Colonize LandChapter 27.3 - Vascular Tissues Led To Rapid Diversification Of Land PlantsChapter 28 - The Evolution Of Seed PlantsChapter 28.1 - Pollen, Seeds, And Wood Contributed To The Success Of Seed PlantsChapter 28.2 - Once Dominant Gymnosperms Still Thrive In Some EnvironmentsChapter 28.3 - Flowers And Fruits Led To Increased Diversification Of AngiospermsChapter 28.4 - Plants Play Critical Roles In Terrestrial EcosystemsChapter 29 - The Evolution And Diversity Of FungiChapter 29.1 - Fungi Digest Food Outside Their BodiesChapter 29.2 - Fungi Are Decomposers, Parasites, Predators, Or MutualistsChapter 29.3 - Sex In Fungi Involves Multiple Mating TypesChapter 29.4 - Fungi Have Many Practical UsesChapter 30 - Animal Origins And The Evolution Of Body PlansChapter 30.1 - Some Animal Characteristics Evolved More Than OnceChapter 30.2 - Animals Diverged With Distinct Body PlansChapter 30.3 - Animals Use Diverse Forms Of Movement To FeedChapter 30.4 - Animal Life Cycles Involve Trade-offsChapter 30.5 - The Root Of The Animal Tree Provides Clues To Early Animal DiversificationChapter 31 - Protostome AnimalsChapter 31.1 - Protostomes Account For More Than Half Of All Described SpeciesChapter 31.2 - Many Lophotrochozoans Have Ciliated Feeding Structures Or Life StagesChapter 31.3 - Ecdysozoans Grow By Shedding Their CuticlesChapter 31.4 - Arthropods Are The Most Abundant And Diverse Group Of AnimalsChapter 32 - Deuterostome AnimalsChapter 32.1 - Deuterostomes Include Echinoderms, Hemichordates, And ChordatesChapter 32.2 - Echinoderms And Hemichordates Are Restricted To Marine EnvironmentsChapter 32.3 - Chordates Have A Dorsal Nerve Cord And A NotochordChapter 32.4 - Life On Land Contributed To Vertebrate DiversificationChapter 32.5 - Humans Evolved Among The PrimatesChapter 33 - The Plant BodyChapter 33.1 - The Plant Body Is Organized In A Distinctive WayChapter 33.2 - Plant Organs Are Made Up Of Three Tissue SystemsChapter 33.3 - Meristems Build A Continuously Growing PlantChapter 33.4 - Domestication Has Altered Plant FormChapter 34 - Transport In PlantsChapter 34.1 - Plants Acquire Water And Minerals From The SoilChapter 34.2 - Water And Minerals Are Transported In The XylemChapter 34.3 - Stomata Control The Loss Of Water And The Uptake Of Co2Chapter 34.4 - Solutes Are Transported In The PhloemChapter 35 - Plant NutritionChapter 35.1 - Plants Require NutrientsChapter 35.2 - Plants Acquire Nutrients From The SoilChapter 35.3 - Soil Structure Affects Plant NutritionChapter 35.4 - Soil Organisms Increase Nutrient Uptake By Plant RootsChapter 35.5 - Carnivorous And Parasitic Plants Obtain Nutrients In Unique WaysChapter 36 - Regulation Of Plant GrowthChapter 36.1 - Plants Develop In Response To The EnvironmentChapter 36.2 - Gibberellins And Auxin Have Diverse Effects But A Similar Mechanism Of ActionChapter 36.3 - Other Plant Hormones Have Diverse EffectsChapter 36.4 - Photoreceptors Initiate Developmental Responses To LightChapter 37 - Reproduction In Flowering PlantsChapter 37.1 - Most Angiosperms Reproduce SexuallyChapter 37.2 - Hormones And Signaling Determine The Transition From The Vegetative To The Reproductive StateChapter 37.3 - Angiosperms Can Reproduce AsexuallyChapter 38 - Plant Responses To Environmental ChallengesChapter 38.1 - Plants Respond To Pathogens With Constitutive And Induced ResponsesChapter 38.2 - Plants Have Mechanical And Chemical Defenses Against HerbivoresChapter 38.3 - Plants Can Adapt To Environmental StressesChapter 39 - Physiology, Homeostasis, And Temperature RegulationChapter 39.1 - Animals Are Composed Of Organs Built From Four Types Of TissuesChapter 39.2 - Physiological Systems Maintain Homeostasis Of The Internal EnvironmentChapter 39.3 - Biological Processes Are Temperature-sensitiveChapter 39.4 - Body Temperature Depends On The Balance Between Heat In And Heat Out Of The BodyChapter 40 - Animal HormonesChapter 40.1 - Hormones Circulate Around The Body And Affect Target CellsChapter 40.2 - The Endocrine System And Nervous System Work TogetherChapter 40.3 - Hormones Play Important Roles In DevelopmentChapter 40.4 - Hormones Regulate Metabolism And The Internal EnvironmentChapter 41 - Immunology: Animal DefenseChapter 41.1 - Animals Use Innate And Adaptive Mechanisms For DefenseChapter 41.2 - Innate Defenses Are NonspecificChapter 41.3 - Adaptive Defenses Are SpecificChapter 41.4 - The Humoral Adaptive Response Involves AntibodiesChapter 41.5 - The Cellular Adaptive Response Involves T Cells And ReceptorsChapter 41.6 - Malfunctions In Immunity Can Be HarmfulChapter 42 - Animal ReproductionChapter 42.1 - Asexual Reproduction Is Efficient But Limits Genetic VariabilityChapter 42.2 - 2sexual Reproduction Involves The Union Of Haploid Egg And SpermChapter 42.3 - Male Sex Organs Produce And May Deliver SpermChapter 42.4 - Female Sex Organs Produce Eggs And Nurture EmbryosChapter 42.5 - Fertility Can Be ControlledChapter 43 - Animal DevelopmentChapter 43.1 - Fertilization Activates DevelopmentChapter 43.2 - Mitosis Divides Up The Early EmbryoChapter 43.3 - Gastrulation Generates Multiple Tissue LayersChapter 43.4 - Organs Develop From The Three Germ LayersChapter 43.5 - Extraembryonic Membranes Nurture Avian And Mammalian EmbryosChapter 44 - Neurons, Glia, And Nervous SystemsChapter 44.1 - Neurons And Glia Are Unique Cells Of Nervous SystemsChapter 44.2 - Neurons Generate And Transmit Electric SignalsChapter 44.3 - Neurons Communicate With Other CellsChapter 44.4 - Neurons And Glia Form Information-processing CircuitsChapter 45 - Sensory SystemsChapter 45.1 - Sensory Receptor Cells Convert Stimuli Into Action PotentialsChapter 45.2 - Chemoreceptors Respond To Specific MoleculesChapter 45.3 - Mechanoreceptors Respond To Physical ForcesChapter 45.4 - Photoreceptors Respond To LightChapter 46 - The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure And Higher FunctionsChapter 46.1 - Functions Are Localized In The Nervous SystemChapter 46.2 - Nervous System Functions Rely On Neural CircuitsChapter 46.3 - Higher Brain Functions Involve Integration Of Multiple SystemsChapter 47 - Musculoskeletal SystemsChapter 47.1 - Interactions Of Actin And Myosin Cause Muscles To ContractChapter 47.2 - Many Factors Affect Muscle PerformanceChapter 47.3 - Muscles And Skeletal Systems Work TogetherChapter 48 - Gas ExchangeChapter 48.1 - Respiratory Gas Exchange Is Governed By Physical FactorsChapter 48.2 - Enhancing Diffusion Maximizes Respiratory Gas ExchangeChapter 48.3 - Humans Have Tidal RespirationChapter 48.4 - Respiratory Gases Are Transported By The BloodChapter 48.5 - Breathing Is Homeostatically RegulatedChapter 49 - Circulatory SystemsChapter 49.1 - Circulatory Systems Serve Many FunctionsChapter 49.2 - Vertebrate Circulatory Systems Evolved From Single To Double CircuitsChapter 49.3 - Heart Function Depends On Properties Of Cardiac MuscleChapter 49.4 - Circulatory System Functions Depend On Blood And Blood VesselsChapter 49.5 - The Circulation Is Controlled By Hormonal And Neural SignalsChapter 50 - Nutrition, Digestion, And AbsorptionChapter 50.1 - Food Provides Energy As Well As Materials For BiosynthesisChapter 50.2 - Diverse Adaptations Support Ingestion And Digestion Of FoodChapter 50.3 - The Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Is A Disassembly LineChapter 50.4 - Nutrient Availability Is Controlled And RegulatedChapter 51 - Salt And Water Balance And Nitrogen ExcretionChapter 51.1 - Excretory Systems Regulate Osmotic And Ionic ConcentrationsChapter 51.2 - Animals Excrete Nitrogen As Ammonia, Urea, Or Uric AcidChapter 51.3 - Invertebrate Excretory Systems Use Filtration, Secretion, And ReabsorptionChapter 51.4 - The Nephron Is The Basic Functional Unit Of Vertebrate Excretory SystemsChapter 51.5 - The Mammalian Kidney Can Produce Concentrated UrineChapter 51.6 - Kidney Function Is RegulatedChapter 52 - Animal BehaviorChapter 52.1 - Ethology Led To Modern Behavioral BiologyChapter 52.2 - Behavior Can Be Genetically DeterminedChapter 52.3 - Behavior Can Be Studied DevelopmentallyChapter 52.4 - Selective Pressures Shape BehaviorChapter 52.5 - Behavior Can Be Studied MechanisticallyChapter 52.6 - Social Interactions Shape The Evolution Of BehaviorChapter 53 - The Physical Environment And Biogeography Of LifeChapter 53.1 - Ecology Is The Study Of The Interrelationships Among Organisms And The EnvironmentChapter 53.2 - Global Climate Is A Fundamental Component Of The Physical EnvironmentChapter 53.3 - Topography, Vegetation, And Humans Modify The Physical EnvironmentChapter 53.4 - Biogeography Is The Study Of How Organisms Are Distributed On EarthChapter 53.5 - Geographic Area And Humans Affect Regional Species DiversityChapter 54 - PopulationsChapter 54.1 - Populations Show Dynamic Variation In Size Over Space And TimeChapter 54.2 - Population Growth Describes The Change In Population Size Over TimeChapter 54.3 - Life History Is The Lifetime Pattern Of Growth, Reproduction, And SurvivalChapter 54.4 - Population Biology Can Be Used In Conserving And Managing PopulationsChapter 55 - Species InteractionsChapter 55.1 - Species Interactions Vary In Direction And Strength Across A ContinuumChapter 55.2 - Predation Is A Trophic Interaction In Which Predators Benefit And Prey Are HarmedChapter 55.3 - Competition Is A Negative Interaction In Which Species Overlap In The Use Of Some Limiting ResourceChapter 55.4 - Positive Interactions Occur When At Least One Species Benefits And None Are HarmedChapter 56 - CommunitiesChapter 56.1 - Communities Are Groups Of Interacting Species Occurring Together In Space And TimeChapter 56.2 - Community Membership Depends On Species Supply, Environmental Conditions, And Species InteractionsChapter 56.3 - Communities Are Complex Networks Of Species Interactions That Vary In Strength And DirectionChapter 56.4 - Communities Are Always ChangingChapter 56.5 - Relationships Between Species Diversity And Community Function Are Often PositiveChapter 57 - EcosystemsChapter 57.1 - Ecosystem Science Considers How Energy And Nutrients Flow Through Biotic And Abiotic EnvironmentsChapter 57.2 - Energy And Nutrients In Ecosystems Are First Captured By Primary ProducersChapter 57.3 - Food Webs Transfer Energy And Nutrients From Primary Producers To ConsumersChapter 57.4 - Nutrient Cycling In Ecosystems Involves Chemical And Biological TransformationsChapter 57.5 - Ecosystems Provide Important Services And Values To HumansChapter 58 - A Changing BiosphereChapter 58.1 - Human Activities Are Changing The Biosphere, Resulting In Biodiversity LossChapter 58.2 - Most Biodiversity Loss Is Caused By Habitat Loss And DegradationChapter 58.3 - Protecting Biodiversity Requires Conservation And Management Strategies
Book Details
The Eleventh Edition of Life: The Science of Biology is engaging, active, and focused on teaching the skills that students need in the majors biology course. New pedagogical features grab students’ attention and give them a clear learning path through the text. Active learning is a priority throughout the text and media, giving instructors the support they need to encourage students to "learn by doing." Life continues and improves its focus on experiments and data, ensuring that students learn the skills they need to succeed in their careers. It is this potent combination of expertly crafted pedagogy and engagement that make this new edition the best resource for biology students.
The Eleventh Edition of Life: The Science of Biology retains its reputation as the book with the highest quality content, clarity of language, and experimental emphasis, and the new focus and features make it a Life worth investigating.
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Explanation: The experiment involved the exposure of antibiotic to the bacteria, by two ways one...Explanation: The acetoacetic acid dissociates into the acetoacetate (CH3−CO−CH2−COO−) and the...Explanation: Insulin is an enzyme, which helps to lower the blood glucose level by storing it in the...Each purine is bonded to a pyrimidine with the help of hydrogen bonds. The adenine is bonded to...Explanation: The graph of fluorescence intensity against time for the protein that is present in the...Explanation: The data in the graph shows the value of fluorescence in different species at different...For the determination of changes in bacterial cell that is adapted to different conditions, the...Explanation: In order to emit light, they dispense some of their energy utilizing the adenosine...Explanation: When the food intake stops for a long time, then gradually the reserve glycogen that...
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