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Concept explainers
To review:
Difference, reason, and type of response (induced or constitutive) given by plants to respond to two types of herbivory.
Introduction:
Some herbivores feed on plants like Nicotiana attenuata (tobacco plant). This plant produces nicotine as a secondary metabolite to defend itself. The response of plant can be of two types; one in response to mechanical damage and other in response to the predation by the animal.
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Explanation of Solution
Plant defense against the herbivory explains the kind of adaptations, which are evolved by the plants for improving their survival and the reproduction via reducing the impact of the herbivores. The defenses are of two kinds, namely, constitutive and induced.
Constitutive defenses | Induced defenses |
These are always present in the plant. | These are generated or mobilized to the point wherein the plant is injured. |
Wide range of composition along with the concentration, which ranges from mechanical defenses to digestibility reducers and toxins. | They produce secondary |
Amount of nicotine produced in the two types of defenses is different. In case of mechanical injury (wound), a higher amount of nicotine is produced as compared to herbivory by Manduca sexta (caterpillar of tobacco hornworm). The caterpillar suppresses the nicotine production in tobacco plants with the help of hormone ethylene.
Thus, this type of response is an induced response. Ethylene production by worm suppresses nicotine production in tobacco plants. It is able to predate upon the plant without any ill effects. Mechanical injury, on the other hand, suppresses the nicotine production to a lesser extent.
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Chapter 38 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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